Vertigo - The Rise and Fall of Weimar Germany. Chapter 14: The End: Chancellor Hitler
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这一章详细描述了希特勒的崛起和随之而来的直接后果，重点在于民主制度的瓦解和恐怖策略的实施。尽管纳粹党最初在内阁中没有占据多数席位，但他们战略性地获得了控制国内安全和警察的关键职位，这使得他们能够操纵法律，并确保在即将到来的三月选举中取得更具说服力的胜利。
1933年1月30日，希特勒被任命为总理后，迅速巩固了权力。他解散了国会，并定于3月5日举行新的选举，利用这段时间来恐吓政治对手。作为议会控制的唯一剩余工具，监督委员会遭受了纳粹代表的仇恨言论和人身暴力，有效地压制了异议。
纳粹党明确表示，他们将无视宪法权利，戈培尔宣称遵守宪法只是一种暂时的策略。1920年的党纲，主张剥夺犹太人的公民权和镇压异议，迅速被付诸行动。一项紧急法令禁止了共产党的集会和报纸，冲锋队（SA）、党卫队（SS）和钢盔团（Stahlhelm）被任命为辅助警察，他们有恃无恐地恐吓社会民主党人和共产党人。
这一章强调了一个关键的转折点：1933年2月27日的国会纵火案。纳粹利用这一事件声称发生了共产主义起义，为加强国家恐怖和大规模逮捕辩护。戈林公开宣布宪政国家已经沦为废墟，并宣称他的使命是不顾正义地“摧毁和消灭”。结果，包括海因里希·曼在内的许多知名人士开始逃离这个国家，他们意识到自己现在成为了可以随意宰割的对象。
尽管恐怖日益增长，但三月选举还是在暴力和恐吓中举行。虽然纳粹党获得了显著的增长，但未能达到他们希望的绝对多数，社会民主党的选票仍然出人意料地稳定，而共产党的选票则有所下降，一部分选民转移到了纳粹党。尽管如此，在极右翼的黑白红战斗联盟的支持下，希特勒设法获得了明确的政府多数。
这一章深入探讨了即使在压迫面前，也吸引了许多德国人支持希特勒的那种令人陶醉的团结感和领袖魅力。通过巧妙地操纵集体心理和情感言辞，他将自己塑造成一个将国家从不和谐和经济困境中解放出来的救世主。
本章还描述了《授权法》的通过，该法案赋予政府独立于议会和宪法制定法律的权力。尽管遭受了严重的恐吓，但社会民主党还是投了反对票，但寻求与新政权妥协的天主教中央党最终投了赞成票，导致该法案获得通过，并在表面上民主的方式下废除了民主制度。
最后的章节探讨了即使在曾经多元化的社会发生转变时，纳粹统治的最初几年也出现了恐怖和表面正常状态的复杂混合。虽然犹太人和政治异见者受到迫害，但魏玛时代文化的一些方面，如夜生活和设计，仍然存在。本章认为，纳粹党将他们的政权标榜为一个现代福利国家，将反现代的情绪与对技术和民族团结的狂热拥抱结合起来。这种暂时的和解是在狂热的种族仇恨的基础上完成的，他们将犹太人作为替罪羊，并煽动一场暴力和灭绝运动。
本章以一个尾声结束，记录了魏玛时代一些关键人物在希特勒上台后的命运。有些人被谋杀、流亡或加入了纳粹政权，这说明了向极权统治过渡的各种后果。
This chapter details Hitler's ascent to power and the immediate aftermath, focusing on the dismantling of democracy and the implementation of terror tactics. The Nazi party, despite not holding a majority in the cabinet initially, strategically secured key positions controlling domestic security and the police, allowing them to manipulate laws and ensure a more convincing victory in the upcoming March elections.
Following his appointment as Chancellor on January 30, 1933, Hitler quickly consolidated power. He dissolved the Reichstag and set new elections for March 5th, using the intervening period to intimidate political opponents. The Supervisory Committee, the only remaining instrument of parliamentary control, was subjected to hateful rhetoric and physical violence by Nazi deputies, effectively silencing dissent.
The NSDAP made it clear that it would disregard constitutional rights, with Goebbels declaring that adhering to the constitution was merely a temporary tactic. The 1920 party program, advocating for the stripping of Jewish citizenship and suppression of dissent, was swiftly put into action. An emergency decree banned communist gatherings and newspapers, and the SA, SS, and Stahlhelm were appointed as auxiliary police, terrorizing social democrats and communists with impunity.
The chapter highlights a critical turning point: the Reichstag fire on February 27, 1933. This event was exploited by the Nazis to claim a communist uprising, justifying increased state terror and mass arrests. Göring openly declared the constitutional state in ruins and proclaimed his mission to "destroy and exterminate" without regard for justice. As a result, many, including prominent figures like Heinrich Mann, began to flee the country, realizing they were now considered fair game.
Despite the growing terror, the March elections were held amidst violence and intimidation. Although the NSDAP gained significantly, falling short of the absolute majority they were hoping for, the Social Democrat vote remained surprisingly stable, while the KPD vote declined, with a portion of voters transferring to the Nazi party. Still, with the support of the far-right Black-White-Red Battle Front, Hitler managed to secure a clear government majority.
The chapter delves into the intoxicating sense of unity and charismatic leadership that drew many Germans to Hitler, even in the face of oppression. Through skilled manipulation of collective psychology and emotional rhetoric, he presented himself as a savior liberating the nation from discord and economic hardship.
The chapter also describes the passing of the Enabling Act, granting the government the power to make laws independently of parliament and the constitution. Despite significant intimidation, the Social Democrats voted against it, but the Catholic Centre Party, seeking accommodation with the new regime, ultimately voted in favor, leading to the Act's passage and the abolition of democracy in an ostensibly democratic manner.
The final sections explore how even as the once-diverse society was transformed, the initial years of Nazi rule saw a complex blend of terror and superficial normalcy. While Jewish individuals and political dissidents were persecuted, some aspects of Weimar-era culture, like nightlife and design, continued to exist. The chapter argues that the Nazis presented their regime as a modern welfare state, blending anti-modern sentiment with a furious embrace of technology and national unity. This temporary reconciliation was accomplished on the back of fanatical racial hatred, targeting Jews as scapegoats and fueling a campaign of violence and extermination.
The chapter ends with an epilogue chronicling the fates of several key figures from the Weimar era after Hitler's rise to power. Some were murdered, fled into exile, or joined the Nazi regime, illustrating the varied consequences of the transition to totalitarian rule.
中英文字稿 
第十四章 终局 总理希特勒
我不需要关心公正。我的唯一任务就是毁灭和消灭，仅此而已。
——赫尔曼·戈林，1933年
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Chapter 14 The End Chancellor Hitler I do not need to concern myself with justice. My only mission is to destroy and exterminate. Nothing more. Hermann Göring, 1933.
庆祝与恐惧
到1933年1月30日，时机已经成熟。希特勒的德国国家人民党和前线士兵协会（Stahlheim）一直在谨慎评估内阁的其他成员。除了总理之外，德国国家社会主义工人党（NSDAP）只有两位部长，尽管这两位对该党的目标至关重要。前图林根州部长威廉·弗里克被任命为内政部长，赫尔曼·戈林则被任命为无任所部长，并暂时担任普鲁士的内政部长。表面上看，内阁中的三名NSDAP成员似乎被更加温和的力量包围着。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Celebration and Terror By the 30th of January 1933 the time had come. Hitler's German National People's Party and the Stahlheim Association of Former Frontline Soldiers had been busy sizing up the rest of the cabinet. Apart from the Chancellor the NSDAP had only two ministers, although those two were crucial to the party's goals. The former Minister for the State of Thuringia, Wilhelm Frick, was made Minister of the Interior, Hermann Göring as Minister without Portfolio, provisionally Minister of the Interior for Prussia. Outwardly it looked as if the three NSDAP cabinet members were surrounded by rather more moderate forces.
通过他的两位内政部长，希特勒掌控了有关国内安全的法律制定，并指挥了警察。他拥有了一切必要的工具来改造德国，以确保当年三月的下一次选举能够为他带来更加压倒性的胜利。为了拍摄新内阁的官方照片，准备了三把软垫扶手椅：中间的一把留给总理，左右两边的分别留给帕彭和戈林，其他政府成员则尴尬地站在他们身后。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
With his two Interior Ministers however, Hitler controlled the formulation of laws regarding domestic security and was in command of the police. He had everything he needed to remodel Germany in such a way that the next election set for March of that year would be an even more convincing victory for him. Three upholstered armchairs had been acquired for the official photographs of the new cabinet. One in the middle for the Chancellor, one on either side for Papen and Göring, with the rest of the government gathered awkwardly behind them.
希特勒显得精力充沛，他是唯一一个没好好坐在椅子上的人，半坐着但看起来随时准备站起来。与其说他是愉快地坐在宝座上，不如说他是想给镜头留下一个投入的印象。他一会儿和戈林说话，一会儿和帕滕交谈，好像他正投入地进行热烈的谈话，从一开始就全力以赴地履行他的角色。在那次简短的会议结束后，希特勒和他的亲信们撤到了凯撒霍夫酒店。他们终于可以单独待着了，不用再忍受聒噪的老内阁成员，不过这种情况还得再忍受几个星期。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Hitler appeared energised, he was the only one who didn't properly fill his chair, half sitting but looking as if he was ready to leap to his feet. Rather than being pleasurably enthroned he was trying to make a committed impression for the camera. He was going now to Göring, now to Pärten, as if he was engaged in intense conversation energetically fulfilling his role from the very first second. After that brief session Hitler and his henchmen withdrew to the Kaiserhof Hotel. They were on their own at last, without the tedious old gentleman of the cabinet, whom they would have to put up with for another few weeks.
在他的日记中，戈培尔后来写道：“希特勒什么也没说，我们也什么也没说，但他的眼中充满泪水，关键时刻已经到来。” 当天晚上，希特勒观看了在总理府外迅速组织起来的完美无缺的群众游行。在无尽而井然有序的队伍中，他的主要力量——那些没有他们他将一无所有的群众——从他面前经过。希特勒理解并战胜了民主。第二天，他开始着手废除民主。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Hitler says nothing, Göbel said later in his diary, and we say nothing either, but his eyes are filled with water, the time has come. In the evening Hitler watched the quickly organised perfectly orchestrated mass procession outside the Chancellor's Palace. In endless precisely ordered rows his major asset passed by in front of him, the masses without whom he would have been nothing. Hitler had understood and defeated democracy. The next day he set about getting rid of it.
应希特勒的要求，兴登堡总统在2月1日解散了国会。新选举定于3月5日举行。在这段没有国会的时期，将通过外交事务委员会与监督委员会的会议来过渡。监督委员会是唯一剩下的由国会来监督政府的机构。第一次会议就如同一个恐怖的内阁。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
At Hitler's request President Hindenburg dissolved the Reichstag on the 1st of February. New elections were set for the 5th of March. This period without a parliament would be bridged by meetings of the Committee for Foreign Affairs and the Supervisory Committee. The latter was the only remaining instrument of parliament left to control the government. The first meeting was like a cabinet of horrors.
纳粹党在2月7日尽其所能地恐吓召集起来的议员。在辩论中，他们故意使用充满仇恨的语言称呼议员们，例如“猪猡”、“无赖”、“犹太猪”、“卑鄙的犹太人”、“犹太人的奴仆”。社民党议员威廉·赫克纳在委员会的第二次会议中亲身经历了这些情况。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The Nazis did everything they could think of to intimidate the deputies who had assembled on the 7th of February as they were summoned to do. During the debates they addressed them using deliberately hateful language. Swine, rogue, Jewish pig, swinish Jew, servant of the Jews. The SPD member of parliament Wilhelm Hückner experienced the second session of the Committee as follows.
刚刚社民党委员会主席吕伯尔·鲍威尔·吕伯尔开会，纳粹党人就开始猛烈吼叫。议会成员爱德蒙·海恩斯毫不停歇地用拳头砸桌子。纳粹党的副主席弗兰克博士走向吕伯尔，将他狠狠推到一旁，抢过主席的铃铛，在同党成员的热烈掌声中宣布会议结束。当他离开房间时，德意志人民党的代表莫拉特被一名纳粹党员打了一拳，还被推了一下。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
No sooner had Lüber, Powell Lüber, Social Democratic Chair of the Committee, opened the session then the National Socialists began roaring horribly. The letter of parliament Edmont Highness, NSDAP, incessantly brought his fist down on the table. Dr. Frank, NSDAP, the Deputy Chair, walked up to Lüber, shoved him violently aside, grabbed the Presidential bell and to the louder applause of his fellow party members declared the session closed. As he left the room, Deputy Morat of the German People's Party was struck in the face by a National Socialist and nudged in the back.
他向媒体透露了消息，但没有律师敢于请求取消对国家社会主义罪犯的豁免权。 帝国总统和帝国议会议长都保持沉默。 国家社会主义德国工人党(NSDAP)毫不掩饰地表示，一旦掌权，他们就会践踏反对者的权利和尊严。 正好两年前，1931年2月，约瑟夫·戈贝尔曾在帝国议会上宣称，遵守宪法只是一个临时的策略而已。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
He informed the press, but no lawyer dared to request the lifting of immunity for the National Socialist criminals. The President of the Reich and the President of the Reichstag remained silent. The NSDAP had made no secret of the fact that they would trample the rights and dignity of their opponents as soon as they came to power. Exactly two years before, in February 1931, Josef Gubbüz had declared to the Reichstag that adhering to the Constitution was only a temporary tactical manoeuvre.
民族社会主义运动依然对这个体系保持对抗态度。根据宪法，我们承诺采取合法的方法，但不承诺目标的合法性。我们希望通过合法手段获得权力，但一旦掌握权力，如何使用则由我们决定。没有人能说希特勒是在欺骗他的选民。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The National Socialist movement remains in a combative stance towards this system. According to the Constitution, we are committed to the legality of the way, but not to the legality of the goal. We want to conquer power legally, but what we do with that power once we possess it is up to us. No one could claim that Hitler had pulled the wool over his voters' eyes.
1920年的政党纲领要求剥夺犹太人的公民身份，并将其排除在人民社区之外。从一开始，纳粹的议程中就包括废除言论自由和新闻自由，特别是针对异议人士。纲领中还要求对那些传播政治联系的人展开法律打击，这个概念几乎毫不掩饰其潜在的专制倾向。对于那些违反公共利益的报纸，要进行镇压。这些原则迅速得到了实施。2月4日通过的总统紧急法令，以保护德国人民为名，合法化了对共产主义者集会的禁令，并禁止了德国共产党（KPD）和德国社会民主党（SPD）的报纸。早在此之前，这些报纸的编辑就经常受到访问，而现在，这种恐怖活动则由国家组织进行。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The 1920 party programme had demanded that the Jews be stripped of their citizenship and that they be excluded from the folk community. The abolition of a free press and free speech for dissidents had been on the Nazi agenda from the outset. The programme had demanded a legal campaign against those who propagate deliberate political ties, a concept that scarcely bothered to conceal its latent tyranny. Newspapers transgressing against the common welfare will be suppressed. These principles were promptly put into action. The President's emergency decree for the protection of the German people passed on the 4th of February legitimised the ban on gatherings for communists and prohibited KPD and SPD newspapers. Even before, their editors had regularly received visits from the essay and now the terror was organised by the state.
普鲁士的新内政部长居林任命了5万名党卫队和斯塔尔海姆的成员作为武装辅助警察，与常规警察一同工作。这使得常规警察更直接地受他控制。那些犹豫不决和不可靠的成员会被迅速举报并停职。社会民主党人和共产党员被国家视为合法的打击对象。居林给警察的指示在这方面非常明确。对那些敌视国家的组织的活动要给予最严厉的处理。在执行任务时使用武器的警官将得到我的全力支持，不用担心使用武器的后果。反之，那些因过分谨慎而未能采取行动的人则会面临纪律处分。这实际上等于是在下令开枪。几乎所有针对所谓国家敌人的专制行为现在都被允许实施。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Prussia's new interior minister, Gühring, appointed 50,000 members of the essay, the SS and the Stalheim as armed auxiliary police to function alongside the regular police. This put the regular police more immediately under his control. Shilly shaliers and unreliable elements were promptly reported and suspended. Social democrats and communists were declared fair gain by the state. Gühring's instructions to the police in this matter were unambiguous. The activities of organisations hostile to the state are to be treated with the greatest harshness. Police officers who make use of firearms in the exercise of their duties will be covered by me without regard for the consequences of that firearm use. Anyone who fails by demonstrating false caution, on the other hand, may expect disciplinary consequences. That amounted to an order to shoot. Almost any kind of despotism against supposed enemies of the state was now sanctioned.
私人个体也知道，他们可以在一定程度上逍遥法外地针对左翼进行恐怖活动。1933年2月，一名17岁的学生在马尔克托堡附近的施特拉斯福德枪杀了市长，经过短暂的庭审后被无罪释放。司法似乎只对右眼失明。只有少数法官、律师和警察反对国家恐怖主义，并坚持依法办事。城市剧院的经理被迫解雇犹太同事和演员，并将政治上有争议的剧目从节目中撤下。被禁止的书籍名单不断增加，书店和图书馆被仔细检查以清除有扰乱性的作品。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Private individuals also knew that they could, broadly speaking, engage in terrorist activity against the left with impunity. The 17-year-old student who shot the mayor of Strassford near Marktobork in February 1933 was acquitted after a brief hearing. Justice seemed to be blind in its right eye only. Just a few judges, lawyers and police officers objected to state terrorism and insisted on due process. The managers of city theatres were forced to fire Jewish colleagues and actors and take politically critical plays of their programs. The list of forbidden books was constantly growing and bookshops and libraries were combed for disruptive writing.
在布雷斯洛大学，法律学者欧内斯特·约瑟夫·科恩由于右翼学生威胁要将前来听讲的人扔出窗外，放弃了一场原定的演讲。在春季，普鲁士警方在新统治者的指示下进行了25,000次逮捕。这还不包括党卫队和秘密警察的逮捕，因为这些数字无法确定。很快，普通监狱已经不足以容纳大量囚犯。第一个集会营地和刑讯室经常在居民区中间设立。许多历史学家认为，让邻居听到受害者的尖叫声是故意为之。尤其是在工人阶级社区，这意味着人们可能会被恐吓，从而进一步压制抵抗力量。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
At Breslow University, the legal scholar Ernst Joseph Korn abandoned a lecture that he was due to give after right-wing students threatened to defenestrate anyone who came to listen. At spring, the Prussian police made 25,000 arrests on the instructions of the new rulers. Those do not include the arrests by the essay and the SS as their number cannot be established. Soon the regular prisons were not big enough to house the many prisoners. The first assembly camps and torture rooms were set up often in the middle of residential areas. The fact that neighbours could hear the screams of the victims was in the opinion of many historians intentional. Particularly in working class districts, it meant that people could be intimidated and further resistance stifled.
1933年2月27日晚，荷兰人马里努斯·范·德·卢贝放火烧了国会大厦，这对新政权来说简直是天上掉下来的礼物。他们迅速声称这是共产党人为了发动起义而纵火的标志，并因此加大了国家恐怖统治的力度。在接下来的几天里，超过5000人在普鲁士被逮捕，其中包括社会民主党人、共产党人和一些艺术家。3月3日，戈林在埃森发表公开演讲，宣布宪法国家已然崩溃。他表示，他的行动不会受到任何法律顾虑的阻碍。他不需要考虑正义，他唯一的任务就是彻底消灭和摧毁。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
When the Dutchman Marinus van der Lubbe set fire to the Reichstag on the night of the 27th of February 1933, it fell into the lap of the new regime like a gift. The claim that communists had set parliament a light as a signal for a coming uprising was right at hand and provided an opportunity for state terror to be stepped up. Over the days that followed, more than 5,000 people were arrested in Prussia, social democrats, communists, several artists. In a public speech in Essen on the 3rd of March, Göring announced that the constitutional state was in ruins. My measures will not be crippled by any kind of legal concerns. I do not need to concern myself with justice. My only mission is to destroy and exterminate nothing more.
那些有机会这样做的人开始慢慢逃离。直到最近还觉得自己被尊敬和看重的人，惊讶地发现自己现在被视为不受欢迎的目标。即使是海因里希曼也不得不承认自己需要逃跑。不过，为了不引起怀疑，他只带着一把雨伞离开了位于柏林的公寓。他的妻子内莉则选择了不同的路线，并为他的火车带来一个小手提箱。第二天，他在莱茵河畔的基尔越过边境，偷偷地离开了这个国家。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Those who had the opportunity to do so slowly began to flee. People who had until recently felt that they were still honoured and respected were bewildered to discover that they were now considered undesirable, fair game. Even Heinrichmann reluctantly admitted that he had to escape. Though as not to arouse suspicion, he left his Berlin apartment carrying only his umbrella. His wife Nelly went a different way and brought a small suitcase to his train. The next day he crossed the border at Kiel on the Rhine, creeping stealthily out of the country.
德国最重要的作家之一这次肯定很高兴没有被人认出来。与此同时，他的兄弟托尔穆斯在妻子卡佳的陪同下，正在进行一场关于瓦格纳的巡回演讲。从巴黎这次巡演的最后一站，他前往瑞士的阿罗扎进行休养。他到达后，收到了许多警告信件，提醒他不要回到德国。他的女儿埃里卡一如既往地开着福特汽车快速赶到，向父母描述了当时紧张的情况。她带来了她父亲尚未完成的小说《约瑟夫和他的兄弟们》的手稿以及大量的研究资料。因此，他们很容易做出留在瑞士的决定。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
One of the most important writers in Germany must for once have been pleased not to be recognised. Meanwhile his brother Tormus, accompanied by his wife Katja, was on a lecture tour talking about Wagner. From Paris the final stage of the tour he travelled on to Arroza in Switzerland to recover. Once there he received numerous communications warning him not to return to Germany. His daughter Erika arrived at great speed as usual in her Ford car and described the menacing situation to her parents. She had brought with her the half-finished manuscript of her father's novel, Josef and his brothers, and a considerable amount of research material. Consequently the decision to remain in Switzerland was an easy one.
尽管很少有人能够像那位多语言的诺贝尔奖得主一样轻松快捷地重新安排自己的生活，成千上万的人还是决定尽快离开德国。在纳粹统治的最初几周内，就有三万人流亡国外。在接下来的时间里，将有多达五十万人离开他们的祖国，许多人是几乎在最后一刻才做出决定的。这些人中大约85%是犹太血统。由于令人心碎的不团结，从总理到元首的过渡。3月5日举行了新一届选举，但其背景是政治袭击和冲突每天平均造成五人死亡，以及报纸和集会被禁止和进行了逮捕等事件。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Even though very few people were able to rearrange their lives quite as easily and as quickly as the polyglot noble laureate, thousands decided to leave Germany as quickly as possible. In those first weeks of Nazi rule, 30,000 people went into exile. In the last half a million people would go on to leave their homeland, often at the last moment. Most of them about 85% were of Jewish descent. From Chancellor to Führer as a result of heart-breaking disunity. The new elections were held on the 5th of March, overshadowed by an average of five deaths a day from political attacks and clashes, and arrests and bans on newspapers and assemblies.
为了表达意思，并尽量易读地翻译成中文：
总理的竞选活动再次全力以赴。演讲者们走村串乡，挂上了数千张宣传海报，海报上希特勒与兴登堡并列，以此暗示政局的延续。反对长期纷争的制度，提出一个民族，一个领袖，一个目标。这样的口号在房屋的墙壁上震撼人心。选举前一天晚上，柏林组织了火炬游行。游行队伍由骑摩托车的冲锋队员举着火炬领队。在集会地点，人们聆听希特勒在柯尼斯堡的演讲，演讲通过所有电台进行现场直播。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Once again all the stops had been pulled out for the Chancellor's election campaign. Public speakers had moved from village to village hanging up thousands of posters showing Hitler next to Hindenburg as a way of suggesting continuity. Down with the system of permanent discord, one folk, one führer, one yes. Which letters roared from the walls of the houses? The evening before the election the Berlin essay organized torchlight processions. The columns were led by SA men on motorcycles carrying torches. At the rallying points the crowd listened to the speech that Hitler was delivering in Königsberg. Broadcast live on all radio stations.
希特勒自称是团结的总理。为了实现重建，必须克服一切分裂的因素。他认为有必要调查极端民族主义和极端社会主义，以找到它们的共同点。当地最大发行量的报纸《乌尔克丁·斯佩林加-马尔根邮报》在投票当天挺立刊出，标题为支持共和国的“团结、法律与自由”，并鼓励大家相信选举自由是有保障的。看到投票站外有许多游行的冲锋队员，可能让人对这点产生怀疑。但实际上，投票是受保护的，并且是秘密进行的。几乎90%的合格选民参与了投票。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Hitler presented himself as a Chancellor of Unity. For reconstruction to take place it was crucial that everything divisive be overcome. It was essential supreme nationalism and supreme socialism be investigated to find their common route. Ulchdien Spellinga-Margnpost with the biggest circulation in the city appeared defiantly on polling Sunday with the pro-republic headline Unity and Law and Freedom and the encouraging assurance electoral freedom is secure. Anyone who saw the many marching SA men outside the polling stations might have had their doubts about this. But in fact the vote was protected and held in secret. Almost 90% of those eligible to vote turned out.
对于那些希望希特勒的支持者能因为恐怖行为而清醒过来的人来说，结果让人震惊。纳粹党的投票支持率再一次上升了10.8%，几乎达到44%。第二天的报纸因此可以打出“政府明显多数”这样的标题，这是似乎有漫长一段时间未曾出现的新鲜事。 然而，纳粹党依然未能实现他们获得绝对多数的目标。为了达到这一目标，他们只能与极右翼的黑白红战斗阵线联手。这个选举联盟是由钢盔协会和阿尔弗雷德·霍根贝格的德国国家人民党组成的，他们获得了8%的选票。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
For those who had hoped that some Hitler enthusiasts might have their eyes opened by the acts of terror the result was shattering. The NSDAP vote rose once again by 10.8% to almost 44% allowing the next day's newspapers to carry the headline Clear Government Majority. A novelty in what seemed like an eternity. However, the NSDAP had fallen short of their actual goal of achieving an absolute majority. That would only be achieved by joining forces with the far right black white red battle front. The electoral alliance between the Stahlhelm Association and Alfred Hoaggenberg's German National People's Party which had achieved 8% of the vote.
尽管面临大规模的恐吓和迫害，社会民主党的选票几乎保持稳定，只有四个月前相比下降了约2%，维持在18.3%。而德国共产党（KPD）的选民表现得更不忠诚，该党损失了4.6%的选票，仅勉强超过12%。各种分析表明，很多新加入纳粹党的人此前都是KPD的支持者。显然，将近四分之一的前KPD选民并不反对希特勒对共产党员进行迫害、殴打和杀害。在日记中，老师路易莎·佐米茨为这次出乎意料的奇妙胜利、终于获得的多数席位欢呼雀跃。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Despite the massive campaign of intimidation and persecution, the Social Democrat vote remained almost stable at 18.3%, only about 2% down on the vote four months previously. Voters for the KPD proved more disloyal. It lost 4.6% and scraped just over 12%. According to various analyses, many of the new voters for the Nazi Party came from the KPD. Plainly, almost a quarter of former KPD voters didn't object to Hitler having communists persecuted, beaten and murdered. A wonderful, unexpected, intoxicating victory, majority at last. The teacher Louisa Zomitz cheered in her diary.
我们的民族灵魂在他身上，与他同在。希特勒是一个农民的儿子，教育程度不高。但他天生就是一个领袖，这不是靠渴望、能力、教育或勤奋能得到的，也与地位和阶级无关。让像路易莎·佐米茨这样的人投向希特勒怀抱的，不是经济困境，也不是凡尔赛条约的屈辱，而是一种迷醉的团结感。这种团结感让处于绝望中的人们怀有各种各样的期望和对救赎的希望。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The soul of our people is in him, on him, with him. Hitler is the son of simple people and barely has a basic education. But what a natural leader he is, something that cannot be achieved by desire or ability, by education or studiousness, nor yet by rank and class. It was not economic hardship, nor humiliation by the Versailles Treaty, that made people like Louisa Zomitz sink into Hitler's arms. But an intoxicating sense of unity that was open to the greatest variety of expectations and hopes for salvation among those most in need of consolation.
几乎他演讲中的任何一段话，从随机挑选的部分，都能展示出希特勒是如何巧妙地利用集体心理的“键盘”来巩固他那富有魅力的掌控力。拿1933年2月1日他发表的政府声明为例，那是在他上任两天后，他通过广播向德国人民发表了讲话，以总理的身份介绍自己。他用平静的语调，没有以往的咆哮感，呈现出自己是一个国家的解放者，声称因为国家陷入不和而忘记了自我，上帝已经撤去了对它的祝福。他用古老而情感化的方式解读政治权力关系，并将这些与失去的文化身份的哀叹结合在一起，形成了一种自怜和感伤的情感混合体，使得连最坚硬的心肠也突然显得需要拯救。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Almost any part of his speech as selected at random reveals just how skillfully Hitler was able to play on the keyboard of the collective psyche to cement his charismatic mastery. Take his governmental declaration appealed to the German people, delivered on the 1st of February 1933, two days after his appointment, in which he introduced himself as Chancellor in a radio address. In a calm voice and without the familiar shouting, he presented himself as the liberator of a nation in a state of discord from which God had withdrawn his blessing because it had forgotten itself. He interpreted political power relations in archaic, emotional categories and combined them with the lament of a lost cultural identity into an emotional mixture of self-pity and sentimentality in which even the hardest of hard cases suddenly seemed in need of salvation.
他一如既往地以提到1918年11月革命开始他的控诉。自从那个不幸的日子以来，已经过去十四年了。在那一天，德国人民被国内外夸下的承诺蒙蔽了双眼，忘记了过去的最高价值，忘记了帝国的荣耀和自由，从而失去了一切。从那些背叛的日子以来，全能者已经撤回了对我们国家的祝福。不和与仇恨进驻，数以百万计的优秀德国男女，无论出身，都深感痛苦地看到国家的团结在自私的政治观点、经济利益和意识形态冲突中破裂。正如我们历史上常有的那样，自革命爆发之日起，德国呈现出令人心碎的不团结景象。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
As always, he began his indictment with a reference to the 1918 November Revolution. The fourteen years have passed since that unhappy day when the German people blinded by promises made by those at home and abroad forgot the highest values of the past, of the Reich, of its honor and its freedom and thereby lost everything. Since those days of treason, the almighty has withdrawn his blessing from our nation. Discord and hatred have moved in, filled with the deepest distress millions of the best German men and women from all walks of life see the unity of the nation disintegrating in a well-turf egotistical political opinions, economic interests and ideological conflicts. As so often in our history, Germany, since the day revolution broke out, presents a picture of heartbreaking disunity.
我们没有得到承诺给我们的平等和博爱。相反，我们失去了自由。他和他的战友们被尊敬的一战领袖（指的是欣顿博克）召唤，再次在他的指挥下作战，就像我们以前在战线上那样，但这次是为了拯救国内的帝国而团结在一起。这些动听的话出自一个披着羊皮的狼之口，他不惜用谎言宣扬维护和平、欧洲一体化和全球裁军。可以想象，对于那些因忧虑而压得喘不过气来的人们来说，这种团结自信的国家愿景如何激励了他们，因为新任总理似乎拥有团结一个分裂国家并成为其领导者所需的魅力。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
We did not receive the equality and fraternity which was promised us. Instead, we lost our freedom. We and his comrades in arms had been called by the venerable World War leader, meaning Hintonbork, to fight under him once again as once we did at the front but now loyally united for the salvation of the Reich at home. These sonorous words were spoken by a wolf in sheep's clothing, who did not balk at the mendacity of arguing for the preservation of peace, the integration of Europe and worldwide disarmament. It isn't hard to imagine how this vision of a united, confident nation might have inspired people who were weighed down by worry since the new Chancellor seemed to possess the magnetic power required to bring a divided nation to its feet and act as its leader.
一种喜悦的感觉充满了他们的心，因为正如一位名叫贡特戈尔茨基的冲锋队员在为一项美国比赛撰写的报告中所说，没有什么比缺乏领导更让这个国家感到沮丧。许多人投票给希特勒，因为有很多其他人也这样做。这听起来很平常，但却是他有魅力的领导力的一个基本部分。没有在大众中看到自己的影子，希特勒什么也不是。群众的惊人共鸣以及追随者的兴奋体验，为希特勒带来了越来越多的崇拜者，他的追随者像病毒般地迅速扩散。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
A feeling of joy flowed through them because nothing had left the nation so downcast as its lack of leadership as an S.A. man by the name of Guntegorzky put it in a report for an American competition in which he was supposed to give an account of why he had become a national socialist. Many people voted for Hitler because so many others did. It sounds banal but it was a fundamental part of his charismatic leadership. Without seeing himself reflected in the mass, Hitler was nothing. The breathtaking resonance of the crowd, the experience of the euphoric affirmation of his followers, brought Hitler more and more worshippers and his following went viral.
旁观者们被整齐列队的行进队伍激动得无法自已。路易莎·齐米茨在她的日记中写道：我们因热情而兴奋不已，被火炬在我们面前的光芒所吸引，仿佛身处甜美的香云中。我们面前是一群又一群人，各种颜色，褐色，灰色，一个接一个，持续了整整一个小时二十分钟。在火炬闪烁的光芒中，仿佛只能看到几个固定的类型，但实际上有两万两千到两万五千张不同的面孔。围观者们把这一齐心协力的游行比作一场现实中的隐喻，让人看到走出危机、摆脱内外纷争的希望，并感到与之共同前行。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Onlookers were thrilled by the sight of marching columns. We were intoxicated with enthusiasm, dazzled by the light of the torches right in front of our faces, always in their haze as if in a sweet cloud of incense, Louisa Zymitz wrote in her diary. And in front of us were men, men, men, brown, colorful, grey, brown, a flood that lasted for an hour and twenty minutes. In the flickering light of the torches, it was as if one only saw a few recurring types, but there were between twenty-two and twenty-five thousand different faces. The spectators at the edge saw the march of the United Crowd as a real-life metaphor, away out of the crisis, out of inner and outer disunity, and felt carried along.
从觉醒的那一刻起，争论的机会就消失了。持不同意见者只是个破坏气氛的人，一个与民众团体格格不入的陌生人，就像卢伊莎·齐米茨所说的——她即使有一个犹太丈夫，还是投票支持希特勒。民主自行终结。在3月5日的大选后的第三周，新的国会成员们举行了第二次会议。由于火灾损毁，会议在对面的柏林克罗尔歌剧院举行。会议议程包括希特勒提出的《授权法》，即旨在解救人民和国家困境的法律。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
From that moment of awakening onwards, the opportunity for argument had gone. The dissident was merely a spoil sport, a stranger to the folk community, as Louisa Zymitz put it, the woman who voted for Hitler even though she had a Jewish husband. Democracy abolishes itself. Three weeks after the election on the 5th of March, the members of the New Reichstag held their second meeting. Because of the fire damage, it was held directly opposite in the Krol Opera House in Berlin. On the agenda was Hitler's law to remedy the distress of the People and Reich, also known as the Enabling Act.
这项提议旨在赋予政府独立于议会并无视宪法和公民权利地制定法律的权力。由于这意味着宪法的改变，因此需要国会三分之二的多数票通过。然而，共产党议员并未出席，他们中有的被逮捕或杀害，有的选择藏匿或逃亡。社会民主党的二十六名代表处于保护性拘留或在逃，但仍有九十四名议员在数千名武装褐衫军的威胁下出席投票。议员们甚至要经过数百名冲锋队员才能进入会议厅。对于社会民主党议员威廉·胡格纳来说，走进议会大楼就像一次险途。他们遇到胸前戴着纳粹标志的年轻人，这些人无礼地上下打量他们，阻挡去路，并辱骂他们是中间派猪、马克思主义猪。即便在会议厅内，也有冲锋队员在社会民主党议员附近恶语相向，手故意挑衅地搭在手枪上。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
This was intended to give the government the right to make laws independent of parliament and without regard for the constitution and constitutional rights. Because this meant a change to the constitution, a two-thirds majority of the Reichstag was required to pass it. The KPD was not present. All of their members of parliament had been arrested or murdered, gone into hiding or fled. Twenty-six SPD representatives were in protective custody or on the run, and ninety-four appeared for the vote in spite of the massive intimidation by thousands of armed brown shirts. They had to walk past hundreds of SA men even to reach the parliamentary session. For Social Democrat MP Wilhelm Hugner, the walk to the building meant running the gauntlet. Young lads with swastikas on their chests looked us impudently up and down, blocked our path, and called out insults like centrist swine, Marxist pig. SA men stood around in the chamber itself, hissing insults near the SPD members, their hands resting provocatively on their pistols.
尽管气氛令人恐惧，德国社会民主党（SPD）还是一致投票反对《授权法案》。 社民党主席奥托·威尔斯（Otto Welds）勇敢地站出来，在长篇演讲中解释了他的政党立场，最后以现在著名的一句话结束：“他们可以剥夺我们的自由和生命，但不能夺走我们的荣誉。” 这一立场与天主教中央党相反，该党一致投票赞成议会被剥夺权力。 以海因里希·布吕宁（Heinrich Brüning）为代表的少数良心尚存的议员曾公开反对接受《授权法案》，但最终屈从于党的纪律。 希特勒在讲话中承诺要维持良好的教会与国家关系，天主教徒因此寄希望于模糊的机会能够参与新政权，或至少希望被宽待。 一些议员担心自己的生命，另一些则不愿在国家剧变中置身事外。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In spite of the frightening atmosphere, the SPD voted unanimously against the Enabling Act. The SPD chair Otto Welds stepped bravely forward and explained his party's approach in a lengthy speech. It ended in the now famous words, they can take our freedom and our life, but not our honour. That did not apply to the Catholic Centre Party, which voted unanimously for parliament to be stripped of its power. A conscientious minority of MPs around Heinrich Brüning had spoken out against the acceptance of the Enabling Act, but in the end they submitted to party discipline. The Catholics hoped for vague opportunities to play a part, or at least to be treated sparingly by the new regime, after Hitler had given an assurance in his address that he was concerned to ensure a good relationship between church and state. Some MPs feared for their lives, others didn't want to stand aside during the national upheaval.
社民党员弗里茨·巴德回忆说，一些中央党派的成员找到我，泪流满面地说，他们确信如果不投票支持授权法案，他们就会被杀害。他们把这种机会主义称为“国民议会”。天主教中央党的主席、神父卢德维希·卡尔斯就是这样用顺从的清晰信息解释了他政党的投票。他说：“现今的时刻不能被言语所左右，唯一的法则是快速、建设性和补救的行动。这种行动只能在议会中进行。”为了保全面子，这位神父将他的屈服声明伪装成一种伟大的和解姿态。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The SPD member Fritz Bader recalled that members of the Centre faction came to me weeping and said they had been convinced that they would have been murdered if they had not voted for the Enabling Act. They christened this opportunism, the National Assembly. That was how the chair of the Catholic Centre Party, the priest Ludvish Kars, explained his party's vote with a clear message of conformity. The present hour cannot be governed by words. Its only ruling law is that of the swift, constructive and redeeming deed. That deed can be borne only in the Assembly. To say face, the priest disguised his declaration of submission as a grand gesture of reconciliation.
在这种方式下，我们德国中央党向所有人，甚至包括我们以前的对手，伸出了友谊之手，以确保继续为国家的崛起而努力。这一过程可以被视为希特勒批评精英与新总理和解的典型方式。他们拼凑出一种自尊的表象，投入到推动国家崛起的工作中，并精通于用花言巧语掩饰他们实际的屈服。在中央和小资产阶级政党的默许下，《授权法案》以必要的三分之二多数通过，民主在表面上以民主的方式被废除。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In this way, we of the German Centre Party extend a hand to everyone, including our former opponents, in order to ensure the continuation of the work towards the rise of the nation. The process can be seen as prototypical for the way in which the Hitler critical elites made their peace with the new Chancellor. Cobbling together a semblance of self-respect, they put themselves at the disposal of the work towards the rise of the nation, and they became experts at dressing up their humiliating genuine flexions in fancy language. With the acquiescence of the Centre and the smaller bourgeois parties, the Enabling Act was passed with the necessary two-thirds majority, and democracy was abolished in an apparently democratic way.
现在，我们在宪法意义上也是帝国的主人了，约瑟夫·古伯斯在同一天晚上写在他的日记中。事实上，这并不属实，因为投票是在受到暴力威胁的情况下进行的，因此并不符合宪法。然而，责任已经履行，人们继续维持民主自愿废除自身的假象。希特勒采取了法律途径，他一直坚持这种做法，直到让他的许多党内同僚感到不满。随着通过授权法案的议会会议的进行，未来几年的政府基调也逐渐明朗。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Now we are also the masters of the Reich in constitutional terms, Yusef Gubbers wrote in his diary on the same evening. This was false in fact, because the vote had been made under the threat of physical violence and did not therefore conform to the constitution. But duty had been done to the illusion that democracy had willingly abolished itself. Hitler had taken the legal route, which he had pursued to the frustration of many of his party colleagues right to the end. As the parliamentary session leading to the Enabling Act progressed, it became clear what the tone of government was going to be like over the coming years.
戈林以他惯有的自怜、愤世嫉俗和攻击性姿态，在作为国会主席主持会议时，在结尾发言中抨击了那些流亡的社会民主党和共产党的所谓诽谤性媒体。他对社会民主党的观点表示："这几天我一直在阅读你们党派成员在国外的新闻报道。从未有过如此无耻和缺乏人性的报道。执政于德国人民的这些人被肆意抹黑，被形容成不光彩的傻瓜、挑衅者和寒酸的无能之辈。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
With his usual mixture of self-pity, cynicism and aggression, guring, leader of the session in his capacity as Reichstag President, railed in his concluding speech against the supposedly libelous press of the Social Democrats and Communists who had gone into exile. From idea's Social Democrats, for the last few days I have been reading the press of your fellow party members abroad. No press has ever reported more shamelessly with less humanity. Dragged through the mud, pulled through the dirt, the men who are governing the German people today are sullied as disgraceful idiots, as provocateurs, as shabby near-do wells.
你提到人道主义，而在斯堪的纳维亚的媒体却仍在诽谤我已故的妻子。任何人都可以去德国看看，戈林接着说，那里没有被洗劫或毁坏的商店，没有被摧毁、抢劫或损坏的百货公司。走过所有的大商店，你会看到那些商人仍然可以赚钱。看看监狱，问问蒂尔曼，问问托格勒，有没有发生过任何事情？三周前，德国共产党（KPD）的主席恩斯特·蒂尔曼被捕，并在整年多次被审问和折磨。1934年初，在盖世太保总部受审时，他有好几颗牙齿被打掉，还被犀牛鞭抽打。而国会中德国共产党派系的主席恩斯特·托格勒，自国会纵火案以来一直被关押，在莫阿比特拘留所日夜带着镣铐。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
You speak of humanity and your press in Scandinavia is still slandering my own dead wife. Anyone could travel through Germany, Guring continued and see, there are no looted or ruined shops, not a department store that has been destroyed or robbed or damaged. Go through all the big stores, you will see that those gentlemen are still able to make their profits. Look at the prisons, ask had Thielmann, had Thogler whether anything at all has happened? Three weeks previously the chair of the KPD, Ernst Thielmann had been arrested, and throughout the course of the year he was interrogated and tortured many times. Early in 1934 he had several teeth knocked out while being questioned in Gestapo headquarters and was beaten with a rhinoceros whip. The chair of the KPD faction in Parliament, Ernst Thogler, who had been in prison since the Reichstag fire, sat in chains day and night in Moabit-remand prison.
同时，戈林继续他的演讲，嘲笑德国共产党党员的逃跑。如果提尔曼对他的追随者成千上万的离去感到沮丧，那可不是我们的责任。最后，我没有任何特殊责任去安慰他。这些人什么事都没有。如果我们中有人因愤怒而爆发，最终要反抗迫害和攻击，那么，先生们，你们不能要求我们像在你们的制度下那样任人宰割。如果你们的某些议员被拘留，请感谢我，因为人民对你们在那14年间所作所为的愤怒如此强烈，以至于可以说，如果人们按照他们的正义感行事，你们就不会坐在这里。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Meanwhile, Guring continued his speech by mocking the flight of the comrades from the KPD. If had Thielmann appears depressed about the fact that his followers are running away in their thousands, that is not down to us. In the end, I cannot bear any special responsibility for cheering him up. Nothing has happened to those people. If one or other of us should boil over with rage and defend himself at last against the persecution and the attacks, yes gentlemen, you cannot demand that we put up with being slaughtered as we would have had to under your system. If various of your MPs were taken into protective custody, be grateful to me for doing that, because the people's fury about all that you have done in those 14 years was so great, so grand that one might say if the people had acted according to their sense of justice, you would not be sitting here.
在德国，戈林在结尾声称，国家从未如此和平。说完这句话，他将议会成员引入了第三帝国。在议会的宪法权利消失后，魏玛共和国的最后痕迹也随之消失。尽管街上的生活看起来几乎与以往无异，只是多了些令市容受损的纳粹旗帜。多元的社会一步步被改造成一个民族共同体，那些本应维持这一疯狂构造的人被作为人民的敌人驱逐。1933年3月10日，一位犹太裔的浪漫语言学教授在日记中写道：“我还能在职多久？彻底的革命和政党独裁”，他记下：“所有的反对力量似乎都从地球上消失了。”这种原本不久前还存在的权力的完全崩溃，不，它的彻底消失让我感到震惊。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Germany, Guring claimed in conclusion, had never been more peaceful. With those words, he ushered the members of Parliament into the Third Reich. With the constitutional rights of Parliament, the last residue of Weimar had disappeared. Even if life in the street looked almost as it always had done, apart from the swastika flags that disfigured the cityscape. Step by step the once diverse society was transformed into a folk community, expelling as enemies of the people those who were needed to hold the insane construct together. How long will I remain in office for? The Jewish professor of Romance Languages wrote in his diary on the 10th of March 1933, complete revolution and party dictatorship, he noted, and all the opposing forces appear to have vanished from the earth. This complete collapse of a power that was present only recently, no, its complete disappearance is shattering to me.
另一位犹太同事提交了辞呈。Keita，这是个听话的奴隶。她说她找到了一个稳定的职位，而她的教授很快就无法再雇用员工了。正是这些小事件逐步累积成了一个无望的局面，逐步地、一次又一次的骚扰，最终导致了毁灭。在那时，没有人能想象即将到来的地狱中，国家社会主义将夺走6,000万人的生命，其中包括600万被谋杀的欧洲犹太人和1,200万被杀害的苏联平民。尽管已经在审讯室中见识到了残酷，但对于政权的可怕罪行而言，用“文明崩溃”来形容都显得太过轻描淡写，仍然是难以想象的。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Another Jewish colleague made, handed in her notice. Keita, the good slav. She has been offered a secure position, she says, and her professor will soon not be in a position to keep staff. It was the small events that built up into a hopeless situation and, step by step, harassment after harassment, ended in annihilation. At this point, no one could have imagined that in the coming descent into hell, national socialism would cost the lives of 60 million people, including 6 million murdered European Jews and 12 million murdered Soviet civilians. In spite of the brutality already seen in the interrogation rooms, the terrible crimes of the regime for which the term collapse of civilization is an understatement was still unimaginable.
在纳粹德国的早期，那些没有面临迫害威胁的德国人因为民族复兴而感到鼓舞，并期待着光辉的未来。 如果有人擅长视而不见和无视良心，他们会看到美好的前景。只要不把纳粹的狂热呐喊当回事，仍然可以觉得自己属于一个文明国家。 在犹太邻居被打和被拖走时，只需要转过头去，不去想他会遭遇什么。来自魏玛共和国的许多创新在一段时间内仍然存在。 从表面上看，甚至柏林令人兴奋的夜生活也依然存在。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Germans, who were not themselves threatened by persecution, felt boosted by the national rising and expected glorious years to come. During the early years of the Third Reich, anyone skilled at turning a blind eye and ignoring their conscience saw good times ahead. It was still possible to feel part of a civilized nation if one didn't take the fanatical screeching of the Nazis too seriously. One only had to look the other way when one's Jewish neighbor was being beaten and dragged off and keep oneself from wondering what would happen to him. Many of the innovations arising out of the Weimar Republic continued to exist for a time. To outward appearances, even Berlin's exciting nightlife persisted.
舞厅仍然开放，只是音乐变得更无聊。最初仍由Kompinski家族所有的Fatah Lund House继续营业，黑人和犹太艺术家被解雇，女子舞蹈团解散。Kompinski的生意逐渐被“雅利安化”，并并入纯种的Usinger公司。娱乐变得更简单、更专注，这也意味着成本更低。纳粹的休闲组织“通过快乐获取力量”将旅行从中产阶级的特权变成了一种大众可以负担得起的休闲活动。然而，那些不愿参与这种强调平等的社区生活的人，只要不被视为异类或社会主义者，也可以展示自己为高雅和超现代的人。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The dance palaces remained open, although with more boring music. House Fatah Lund, at first still in the Jewish ownership of the Kompinski family, stayed open, the black and Jewish artists were dismissed, the troop of girl dancers dissolved. The Kompinski business was gradually aerianized and incorporated within the racially pure ushinger company. Entertainment became simpler, more focused, which also meant that it became cheaper. The Nazi leisure organization, strength through joy, turned travel hitherto a middle-class privilege into an affordable popular pastime. Those reluctant to take part in this emphatically egalitarian community life, however, could also present themselves as distinguished and ultra-modern as long as they did not appear alien or socialist.
即使是视觉上十分前卫的生活杂志《Denoy Alenia》仍旧在出版。其包豪斯训练的版面设计师赫伯特·拜尔，仅稍微柔化了杂志的先锋派风格。在11月刊中，建筑师彼得·比尔伦提倡将现代风格纳入法西斯建筑思想的一部分。他提到了墨索里尼时代的意大利，在1933年的米兰三年展上，密斯·凡·德·罗、埃里希·门德尔松和沃尔特·格罗皮乌斯获得了荣誉席位。比尔伦写道，这是一个事实：虽然现代建筑风格起源于德国，但在这里仍然难以获得认可，而在罗马则被提升为法西斯官方的建筑风格。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Even the visually advanced lifestyle magazine Denoy Alenia was still published. Its Bauhaus-trained layout artist, Herbert Bayer, softened its avant-garde look only slightly. In the November issue the architect Peter Beerons argued for the recognition of modern styles as part of the fascist building ethos. He referred to Mussolini's Italy, where Mies van der Rohe, Erech Mendelssohn and Vaita Gropius had been assigned a place of honour at the 1933 Milan Trienala. It was a fact Beerons wrote that the modern style of building created in Germany, but which still struggles to find recognition here, has been elevated to the official architectural style of fascism in Rome.
即便是在整个德国，米老鼠仍然存在，而到处都能看到可口可乐的广告。一则1938年出现在《Divere-Macht》杂志上的广告，甚至建议士兵们用冰镇可口可乐来放松一下。同年，自信的玛琳·黛德丽出现在《Das Magatzinn》的封面上，用挑战的目光注视着读者。她早已移居好莱坞，因此经常在国社党报刊中受到攻击。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Even Mickey Mouse remained a presence, and there were advertisements for Coca-Cola across the whole of Germany. An advertisement for the American drink even appeared in the magazine Divere-Macht in 1938, recommending that soldiers have a refreshing break with ice-cold Coca-Cola. In the same year a confident Maliné Ditrich, who had emigrated to Hollywood long before and was consequently subject to frequent attacks in the National Socialist Press, appeared on the cover of Das Magatzinn, giving the reader a challenging look.
尽管官方要求保持一致性，但纳粹的审美观中却存在矛盾。希特勒自己偏爱无衬线字体，甚至是受到包豪斯影响的Futura字体，因为它最接近他所追求的纪念性现代风格。他对代表旧德国的复杂哥特字体没有兴趣。种族歧视的思想要通过一种简洁且极具现代感的字体来传达。从实用的角度看，简洁的Futura字体在服务于残酷权力时非常有效。在被占领地区，人们发现阅读Futura字体的命令和指示比阅读旧德文字体要容易得多。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Despite the official imposition of conformity, there were contradictions in the Nazi aesthetic. Hitler himself favoured a sans-serif font, even the Bauhaus-inspired Futura script. It came closest to his ideal of monumental modernity. He had no time for the gnarly gothic script that harked back to an older Germany. Racist ideas were to be conveyed in a plain and ultra-modern typeface. And from a practical point of view, the sober Futura script was useful in the service of brutal power. People in the occupied territories found it easier to read orders and instructions in Futura than in old German letters.
这些细节看起来可能无关紧要，但它们显示了魏玛共和国的现代性——许多纳粹所憎恨的特征——并没有在一夜之间被彻底消除。事实上，国家社会主义自认为处于时代前沿，并成功地将其追随者中反现代、落后的一部分与一个专制且注重成就的社会的激进现代主义协调一致。纳粹政权把自己呈现为一个现代福利国家，承诺为所有“民族同志”带来富裕，推动科技领域的卓越表现，并消除阶级和社会地位的傲慢差异。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
These may seem like irrelevant details, but they show that the modernity of the Weimar Republic, which so many Nazis hated, was not simply eliminated from one day to the next. National socialism in fact saw itself as being at the cutting edge and managed to bring the anti-modern, backwards parts of its following into line with the furious modernism of an authoritarian, achievement-oriented society. The Nazi regime presented itself as a modern welfare state that promised affluence for all folks' ganossen, national comrades, pushed for first-class performance in its technologies and eradicated snobbish differences of class and social status.
内部矛盾被一种共同的救赎期望模糊了，这种期望要求每个人都处于永久的战斗状态。农业浪漫主义者和现代社会技术专家之间的暂时和解，是建立在狂热的种族仇恨之上的。现代时代中被厌恶的特质被归咎于犹太人，他们随后遭到了最先进的官僚登记和管理手段的迫害。他们的被排斥伴随着一种可怕的暴力动态，最终导致系统性谋杀。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Internal contradictions were blurred by a shared expectation of salvation, which required everyone to be in permanent combat mode. This temporary reconciliation of agrarian romantics and modern social technocrats was accomplished on the back of fanatical racial hatred. The despised qualities of the modern age were attributed to the Jews, who were then persecuted with the most up-to-date means of bureaucratic registration and administration. Their ostracism was accompanied by a horrific dynamic of violence leading ultimately to systematic murder.
幽灵般的民族群体只能通过不断增长的攻击性来掩盖真正的矛盾，这种傲慢使其不断滋长。他们为了无情地排斥和迫害外来者而构建的虚假形象，导致了一场几乎波及全球的灭绝运动。与此同时，道德沦丧的国家却沐浴在文化繁荣的光环之中。国家社会主义政权将超过四分之一的文化补贴用于戏剧领域。不再是魏玛时代那种被认为仅为颓废文化精英上演的堕落活动，如今大多数的表演由席勒、歌德和克莱斯特创作成启迪心灵的作品，让人人都能欣赏和理解。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The phantom folk community could only mask the real contradictions by feeding its arrogance with constantly growing aggression. The construction of aliens to be ruthlessly excluded and persecuted would lead to a campaign of extermination that left few spots on the earth untouched. At the same time, the morally bankrupt country basked in the glow of a nation with a thriving cultural life. The National Socialist State spent more than a quarter of its culture subsidies on theatre. Rather than the degenerate excesses of the Weimar era supposedly staged only for a decadent cultural elite, most performances now were placed by Shiller, Guter and Kleist in edifying productions that everyone could understand.
这项举措非常成功。在1938年至1940年期间，观众人数增加了三分之一，达到了四千万。戈培尔高兴地注意到，民间文化和戏剧现在成为了相辅相成的概念。1940年，希特勒下令瓦格纳拜罗伊特音乐节即使在战争期间也要继续举办。同时，他也扩大了音乐节的观众群体，不再仅限于穿着庄重的中产阶级听众，而是通过国家资助让工人和士兵也能来到绿山（拜罗伊特音乐节大厅的昵称）观赏。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
And the move was successful. Between 1938 and 1940, audience numbers rose by a third to 40 million. Yours if Gubbles was pleased to note, folk and theatre are now two concepts that complement and condition one another. In 1940, Hitler ordered the Wagner Festival in Byroit to continue even during the war. And at the same time opened it up to new audience sectors. Rather than bourgeois listeners in solemn dress, workers and soldiers brought to the Green Hill, the nickname of Byroit Festival Hall, at the expense of the state.
在1930年，几乎无法想象国家社会主义者会如何以震撼世界的规模来实施他们唤醒德国的计划。在那一年，马琳娜·迪特里希录制了一首由20世纪20年代伟大的犹太作曲家弗里德里希·霍兰德创作的最美丽的歌曲之一。歌曲名为《如果我被赋予一个愿望》，这是一首关于矛盾之乐、带有忧郁色彩、深刻反乌托邦的非常短小的歌曲。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In 1930 it was still almost impossible to imagine the earth-shaking scale on which the National Socialists would put their plans for Germany's awakening into action. In that year, Malina Dietrich recorded one of the most beautiful songs composed by Friedrich Hollander, the great Jewish review and film composer of the 1920s. Venich Mievas von Schindelfte, if I were granted a wish, it is about the joy of ambivalence, a melancholy, deeply anti-utopian, very short song.
用一种深思熟虑、几乎是低语的声音，迪特里希唱的是一种与高空欣喜相反的情感。回想起来，能够稍微快乐一下，真是一种奢侈。Venich Mievas von Schindelfte 来到 Falegenheit。Vasechmereen von Schindelfte, 是糟糕时光还是美好时光。Venich Mievas von Schindelfte，我希望能稍微快乐一点。然后，Venich Gartzü glücklicz Wiehr，我会怀念悲伤，会因此感到思乡。如果我有一个愿望，我会感到困惑，不知道我应该期待好时光还是坏时光。如果我有一个愿望，我想要只是感到有点快乐，因为如果我太快乐了，我会因为怀念悲伤而觉得失落。这就是魏玛共和国的智慧、现实和精妙之处。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In a thoughtful voice, almost a whisper Dietrich sings about the opposite of higher altitude euphoria. The idea of just being a bit happy, in retrospect, what a luxury. Venich Mievas von Schindelfte came in Falegenheit. Vasechmereen von Schindelfte, ein a Schlimmer or a Goudtzeit. Venich Mievas von Schindelfte, möchte ich et vass glückliczien. Then Venich Gartzü glücklicz Wiehr, hetich Heimad vie, nachtim tau rechzien. If I were granted a wish, it would be at a loss, about whether I should wish, for good times or bad. If I were granted a wish, I would like to be a bit happy, because if I were too happy, I would be homesick for sadness. That's how wise, how realistic, how kaketish the Weimar Republic could sound.
尾声。当阿道夫·希特勒掌权时，有些人暂时受益，而对另一些人来说，这意味着地狱般生活的开始，还有一些人选择逃亡。这本书的开篇人物，被誉为社会名流摄影师的弗里德里希斯，已经与前法国大使皮埃尔·德·马若里一起搬到了巴黎。在德国占领法国期间，有影响力的马若里帮助她隐瞒身份。1942年马若里去世后，她在巴黎失去了保护，生活贫困。关于她晚年的情况知之甚少，甚至连她确切的去世日期都不清楚。曾经丰富了柏林社交生活的这位女士于1957年某个时候孤独地死在巴黎。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Epilogue. When Adolf Hitler seized power, some people benefited temporarily, while for others it meant the beginning of hell on earth, some fled. The celebrated society photographer Friedrichs, with whom this book began, had already moved to Paris with the former French ambassador Pierre de Marjorie. After the German occupation of France, the influential Marjorie helped her to conceal her identity. When he died in 1942, she was left unprotected and largely destitute in Paris. Little is known about her last years, not even the exact date of her death. The woman who once enriched the social life of Berlin died alone in Paris, sometime in 1957.
菲利普·谢德曼在1918年11月9日宣布成立共和国后，1933年3月初逃离冲锋队（SA）到达萨尔茨堡，随后前往布拉格。1933年5月，他的大女儿和女婿因无法忍受纳粹当局的折磨而选择自杀。1939年11月，谢德曼在哥本哈根去世，他在那里度过了流亡生涯的艰难岁月。自由派报纸《贝利纳日报》的总编辑特奥多尔·沃特首先流亡瑞士，后于1943年9月在圣德法兰斯购置了一所房子。曾作为近卫骑兵射手师官员的瓦尔德马·帕布斯特深度参与谋杀罗莎·卢森堡和卡尔·李卜克内西特，尽管他被怀疑是被害的冲锋队领袖恩斯特·罗姆的仰慕者，但仍然在纳粹国防经济和重新武装办公室中取得了事业上的成功。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Philip Scheidermann, who had proclaimed the Republic on 9 November 1918, fled the SA to Salzburg early in March 1933, before travelling on to Prague. In May 1933, his eldest daughter and his son-in-law escaped the torment of the Nazi authorities by committing suicide. Scheidermann died in November 1939 in Copenhagen, where he had spent the last years of his exile in impoverished circumstances. Teodor Voth, the editor-in-chief of the liberal Belina Tagablat, first went into Swiss exile and later bought a house in San de France in September 1943. Weldemar Pabst involved to a great degree in the murder of Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Leibnicht as an officer of the Guards' Cavalry Rifleman Division Frécops was able to make a career in the Nazi defence economy and re-armament office, in spite of the suspicion of having been a devotee of the murdered SA leader, Ernst Röhm.
1940年，他创立了一家名为Svidex的进出口公司，负责在瑞士和纳粹德国的国防军之间进行军火交易。1955年，他从瑞士回到联邦德国，继续从事军火交易。他在1970年去世时已是富翁，并且是极右翼德国国家民主党（NPD）的支持者。第二次世界大战初期，恩斯特·荣格被征召加入德军，并从1941年起在巴黎的法国军事指挥官幕僚中服役。他住在被占领的拉斐尔酒店，负责军事情报和敌情观察，享受着与法国文化合作者优雅圈子的生活。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In 1940, he founded an import-export firm, Svidex, which brokered arms deals between Switzerland and the Wehrmacht. He returned from Switzerland to the Federal Republic in 1955 and went on working as an arms dealer. He died wealthy in 1970 as a sympathiser of the far-right German National Democratic Party, Nazi-Nile Democartier de Chappartier Deutschlünst, NPD. At the start of the Second World War, Ernst Jünger was recruited into the Wehrmacht, and from 1941 he served on the staff of the French military commander in Paris. He lived stylishly in the occupied Hotel Rafael and in charge of military intelligence and enemy observation enjoyed life in the elegant circles of French cultural collaborators.
他与纳粹德国国家社团保持距离，拒绝允许重新刊登他的文章。由于与德军中抵抗组织的联系，他被认为不配持枪，并被解除职务。于1998年去世，享年102岁，死后仍是备受争议的人物。Erechmarier-Macht已经在瑞士De Chino州的马焦雷湖西侧奠定了一座别墅的基础。在战争期间，他住在美国，大部分时间都在抑郁、酗酒和抽链子烟中度过。然而，女性们依然喜爱他。玛琳·黛德丽和葛丽泰·嘉宝都与他有过情感纠葛。1958年，他与演员波蕾特·戈达尔结婚，她曾是电影《摩登时代》中的穷孤女，也是查理·卓别林的前妻。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
He kept his distance from the NSDAP, refusing to allow the focussure bo-obachte to reprint his articles. Because of his contacts with resistance circles in the Wehrmacht, he was dismissed as unworthy to bear arms. Jünger died still highly controversial in 1998 at the age of 102. Erechmarier-Macht had already been able to lay the foundations for a villa on the western side of Lake Magiore in the Swiss canton of De Chino. During the war he lived in the USA, mostly depressed drunk and chain smoking. Women loved him however. Malina Dietrich and Greta Garbo had affairs with him, and in 1958 he married the actress Paulette Godard, the ex-wife of Charlie Chaplin, the poor orphan girl in the film Modern Times.
他和她一起回到了位于马焦雷湖的住所，他于1970年9月去世。奥托·迪克斯，这位激烈的超现实主义画家，因为触犯了道德底线和削弱德国人民斗志而失去了他在德累斯顿艺术学院的教授职位。他被归类为堕落艺术家，生活艰难，即使他已经改画不会引起争议的风景画。富裕的市民通过私人委托帮助他度过难关。1945年，他加入了人民风暴民兵组织，然后被法国人俘虏。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
He returned with her to his house on Lake Magiore where he died in September 1970. Otto Dix, the fierce hyper-realist, lost his professorship at the Academy of Art in Dresden for violation of the moral sensibilities and subversion of the fighting spirit of the German people. Having been categorised as a degenerate artist, he was barely able to earn a living, even though he had switched to uncontroversial landscape painting. Affluent citizens helped him through his difficulties with private commissions, having joined the folkstorm militia in 1945, Dix was taken prisoner by the French.
战后，他转向了基督教主题，但既没有追随东德的社会主义现实主义，也没有追随联邦德国的抽象艺术潮流。1969年7月，他在博登湖畔的津根去世。乔治·格罗斯于1933年1月移居美国，并在那里成为一位成功的画家和素描艺术家。尽管他的作品风格不太统一，在没有德国环境的直接刺激下，作品失去了一些聚焦点。他的作品在美国得到了认可，并且在长岛有了一处住所，但他一直受到抑郁症的困扰，尤其受到从德国传来的悲惨消息的影响。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
After the war, having turned towards Christian motifs, he followed neither the socialist realism of the GDR nor the abstract artistic currents of the Federal Republic. He died in Zingen on Lake Constance in July 1969. George Gross emigrated to the USA in January 1933, and stayed there as a successful painter and draftsman, although his work was stylistically very uneven and lost much of its focus without the direct provocation of the German environment. Despite the recognition of his works in the USA and a home on Long Island, he was plagued by depression, intensified by grim news from Germany.
在战争的最后几周，他的母亲在柏林的一次轰炸中遇难。此后，他的酗酒问题恶化，尤其是在纽约聚集的移民社区开始瓦解后。1950年，他在给妹夫的信中提到了他的老朋友瓦尔塔·米林。米林，我的天，他住在纽约的一个地下室煤窖里。如果你想变成一个地下室的宅男，你可以去那里。我最近几乎没见过他。格罗斯直到1959年才决定返回德国，但就在同年7月6日，他因醉酒摔下楼梯去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In the final weeks of the war, his mother was killed in a bombing raid on Berlin. His alcoholism worsened, particularly after the community of emigrants thrown together in New York began to fall apart. In 1950, he wrote in a letter to his brother-in-law about his old friend, Valta Mirring. Mirring, my god, he lives in a coal hole in New York. If you want to turn into a basement dwelling woodlouse there, you can. I barely see him these days. Gross, who did not decide to return to Germany until 1959, died on the 6th of July of the same year, when he fell drunkenly down the stairs.
1933年后，弗里德里希·莫克兰贝尔蒂，这位可能是最著名的“通货膨胀圣徒”（"通货膨胀圣徒"是20世纪20年代至30年代初用来形容流动传教士的贬义词），选择与纳粹政权保持距离，因为纳粹对他的活动持怀疑态度。他和剩下的追随者在一个名为“诺姆堡工厂旅”的工作坊里制作工艺品，赢得了来自德国各地顾客的青睐。20世纪40年代末，由于在东德找不到支持他关于应用艺术的神秘理念的人，他搬到了瓦斯特瓦尔德地区。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
After 1933, Friedrich Moklambelti, probably the best-known inflation saint, the pejorative term applied to itinerant preachers during the 1920s and early 1930s, lived apart from the Nazi regime, which viewed his activities with a suspicious eye. He made craft products with his remaining followers in a workshop called the Nomburg Factory Brigade, winning clientele from all over Germany. In the late 1940s, he moved to the Vesterwald because he could find no support for his esoteric vision of applied arts in the GDR.
在完成学业后，Fridl-Ldikka，这位包豪斯最成功的毕业生之一，成为了一名室内设计师、画家和绘画老师，并于1931年在维也纳开设了自己的工作室。她很早就关注艺术教育理论以及儿童的室内设计需求。1936年，她移居到布拉格，与丈夫一起被驱逐到特雷津施塔特集中营，并于1944年10月9日在奥斯维辛被害。在特雷津施塔特解放后，人们发现了两只手提箱，里面装着Fridl-Ldikka在营地里教过的孩子们的画作。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
After the completion of her studies, Fridl-Ldikka, one of the most successful graduates of the Bauhaus, worked as an interior designer, painter and drawing teacher, and opened her own studio in Vienna in 1931. She turned early on to theories of art education and the interior design needs of children. She emigrated to Prague in 1936, was deported with her husband to the camp at Terezienstadt and murdered in Auschwitz on the 9th of October 1944. After the liberation of Terezienstadt, two suitcases were found containing the drawings of children whom Fridl-Ldikka had taught in the camp.
Rijonnerdlichte，这位设计Hauskomania的犹太建筑师，自1933年起便无法继续工作。他在伦敦申请工作许可被拒绝。1942年，他在柏林的一家犹太医院去世，当时他70岁。他可能是在一次自杀未遂后去世的。与此同时，他的妻子被送往里加并被杀害。以柏林为灵感土壤的Eiffrude Düblin在流亡法国和美国期间仍然非常高产。然而，他的众多小说都未能像《柏林亚历山大广场》那样受欢迎。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Rijonnerdlichte, the Jewish architect of the Hauskomania, was unable to work from 1933 onwards. His request for a work permit in London was rejected. He died in 1942 at the age of 70 in the Jewish hospital in Berlin, probably after a suicide attempt, while his wife was transported to Riga where she was murdered. Eiffrude Düblin for whom Berlin was the soil of all his thoughts remained enormously productive in French and American exile. None of his many novels achieved anything like the popularity of Berlin Alexander Platz, however.
杜布林于1945年回到德国，当时他受法国军事当局之托，负责重建国家的文化生活，有时甚至身穿法军制服，以文化官员的身份出现。然而，他以前的崇拜者对此感到困惑。不满于同胞的冷遇，这位作家于1953年再次移居巴黎。他于1957年去世，享年78岁，逝于埃门丁根的一家诊所。他的妻子在两个月半后于巴黎自杀。他们都被安葬在沃日省的乌瑟拉，与他们的儿子在一起。1940年6月，德军逼近时，他们的儿子作为一名法国士兵，被迫与战友分开，之后在那里开枪自尽。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
When Düblin returned to Germany in 1945, in the service of the French military authorities to reorganize the country's cultural life, sometimes even appearing as a cultural officer in French uniform, his former admirers reacted with bewilderment. Embitted by the rejection of his compatriots, the author emigrated to Paris for a second time in 1953. He died in 1957 at the age of 78 in a clinic in Emmendingen. His wife took her life two and a half months later in Paris. They were both buried in Usra in the Voj, beside their son, who had shot himself there as a French soldier, separated from his comrades as the German Wehrmacht approached in June 1940.
乔泽福德在希特勒被任命为总理的那一天离开了德国。他辗转流亡，经过一段曲折的旅程最终抵达巴黎，并于1939年在他最喜欢的咖啡馆倒下后去世。尽管身处极其不利的环境，这位酗酒的作家几乎一直保持着高产。他本可能被厄姆加德-科因拯救——后者于1936年在奥斯滕多会见了他。不幸的是，这位创作《人造丝姑娘》的小说家也和他一样依赖酒精。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Jorzeford left Germany on the day of Hitler's appointment as Chancellor. His journey into exile, something of an odyssey, ended in Paris, where he died in 1939 after collapsing in his favourite café. Despite the most adverse conditions, the alcoholic author had managed to remain productive almost to the end. He could have been saved by Ermgaard-Koin, who met him in 1936 in Ostendor. Unfortunately, the author of the novel The Artificial Silk Girl was just as dependent on alcohol as he was.
由于他极端的嫉妒心和难以忍受的肝脏病痛，她在他去世前一年离开了她深深爱着的男人。Emmgaard-Koin一直尝试在德国作为一名作家生存至1936年。1935年，她勇敢地在柏林地区法院对纳粹政权提起诉讼，要求返还被没收的书籍并给予赔偿，结果当然是败诉。她向文化部申请公开许可，也被拒绝了。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Alarmed by his extreme jealousy and unable to deal with his painful liver condition, she left the man she deeply loved a year before his death. Emmgaard-Koin had attempted until 1936 to survive as an author in Germany. In 1935, she bravely brought a case against the Nazi state in a Berlin Regional Court. For the confiscation of her books and demanded compensation, of course she lost. Her application to the Reich Chamber of Culture required for a public permit was rejected.
1936年，她没有特别原因地去了比利时的奥斯坦德。她说她需要去个地方。在那里，她开始了与约泽福德的热烈而痛苦的恋情。在跟他一起待了两年后，她搬到了阿姆斯特丹。德国军队入侵时，她在一名爱上她的党卫军成员帮助下，获得了一个假身份并返回了德国。战后，她在科隆一块废墟上的小棚屋里暂时居住。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In 1936 she went to Ostend in Belgium without any particular reason. I had to go somewhere. There she began her passionate tormented liaison with Jorzeford. After two years with him she moved to Amsterdam. When German troops invaded she acquired a false identity with the help of an SS man who was in love with her and returned to Germany. After the war she lived there temporarily in a shack on a ruined plot of land in Cologne.
她的小说《Fairly Nunt: The Kind-Hearted Man》发表于1950年。不过，就像她流亡后写的另一部小说《After Midnight》一样，这部作品并没有引起太多关注。 1966年，Emmgaard-Koin因酗酒被送进了一家精神病院。1972年，一位前男友的继子找到了她，并将她的情况公之于众。 不久之后，她被释放。到了20世纪70年代中期，她重新被人们关注，并在1982年去世前，享受到了早期作品重新流行带来的名声。她去世时年77岁。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Her novel Fairly Nunt, The Kind-Hearted Man, was published in 1950. Like her novel written in exile after midnight, however, it attracted little attention. Emmgaard-Koin's drinking landed her in a psychiatric hospital in 1966. The stepson of a former boyfriend tracked her down there in 1972 and made her fate public. A short time later she was released. Her rediscovery began in the mid-1970s and she was able to enjoy the revived popularity of her early works before dying in 1982 at the age of 77.
像阿维恩·基什（Avien Kish）这样的英俊记者，在国会大厦火灾后立即被捕，但在1933年3月11日，由于捷克斯洛伐克大使馆的干预，他从监狱中获释。他的捷克斯洛伐克国籍救了他一命。在澳大利亚、法国和美国待了一段时间后，基什住在墨西哥，他在那里与作家阿纳齐加斯（Anazigas）共同主持了海因里希·海因里希俱乐部，这是一个移民协会。返回欧洲后，他于1948年在布拉格去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Like on Avien Kish, the dashing reporter arrested immediately after the Reichstag fire was released from prison on the 11th of March 1933 after an intervention by the Czechoslovak embassy. His Czechoslovak citizenship saved his life. After some time in Australia, France and the USA, Kish lived in Mexico, where he co-chaired the Heinrich Heinrich club, an emigrants association along with the writer Anazigas. In return to Europe, he died in Prague in 1948.
阿诺德·博农是一位灵活转变立场的作家，他从极左转到极右，又回到极左。尽管他与约瑟夫·戈培尔是朋友，1943年他仍然被禁止出版。1944年，他被征召入伍，但迅速逃兵并加入了奥地利的抵抗组织。战后混乱中，美国人任命他为奥地利萨尔茨卡默古特地区戈伊松村的市长。在维也纳尝试找寻成功失败后，他成为奥地利共产党的一员。1955年，他搬到东柏林，受到老朋友贝托尔特·布莱希特的欢迎，加入柏林音乐剧团，并为《柏林日报》撰写了一些稿件。他于1959年去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Arnold Bonon, the author who nimbly switched from far left to far right and back again, was subjected to a publishing ban in 1943 in spite of his friendship with Josef Goebbels. Called up in 1944, he quickly deserted and joined Austrian resistance groups. In the confusion after the war, the Americans appointed him mayor of the village of Goyzon in the Zalzkamagoud in Austria. After failed attempts to find success in Vienna by now a member of the Austrian Communist Party, he moved to East Berlin in 1955, where his former friend Bertolt Brecht welcomed him into the Berliner Ensemble and won him a few commissions for the Berliner Tseitung. He died in 1959.
露伊莎·艾伯特（Louisa Ibert），前不来梅雪茄工厂的标签工人，曾任共和国第一夫人，自1993年后基本安然无扰，只发生了两次搜查。然而，她的两个幸存儿子受到严重骚扰。她另外两个儿子在第一次世界大战中阵亡。两个幸存儿子中较年长的弗里德里希·艾伯特（Friedrich Ibert, Jr.）是《勃兰登堡报》的编辑，也是德国社民党的一名国会议员，在1933年被拘留了八个月，直到《伦敦时报》报道了他的案件。1943年，由于轰炸袭击，露伊莎·艾伯特离开柏林，去黑森林与儿媳的亲戚住在一起。1945年底，她搬到了海德堡，她丈夫的出生地和安葬地，并于1955年在那里去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Louisa Ibert, the former label sticker in the Bremen Sigar factory and First Lady of the Republic, was left in peace after 1993 apart from two house searches. However, had two remaining sons, the two others had fallen in the First World War, were subject to severe harassment. The elder of the two, Friedrich Ibert, Jr., editor of the Brandenburg Saitung and an SPD member of parliament, spent eight months under arrest in 1933, until the London Times reported on his case. In 1943, Louisa Ibert left Berlin because of the bombing raids and went to stay with relatives of her daughter-in-law in the Black Forest. At the end of 1945, she moved to Heidelberg, her husband's place of birth and also the site of his grave, where she died in 1955.
弗里德里希·伊贝尔特二世加入了东德的社会主义统一党（SED），并在1948年至1967年期间担任东柏林市长，这让西柏林的社会民主党（SPD）非常不满。他的兄弟卡尔·伊贝尔特则于1946年成为巴登-符腾堡州的社会民主党（SPD）议会议员，并一直任职到1964年。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Friedrich Ibert, Jr., became a member of the East German Socialist Unity Party, Zütse Schallisticeinheitz-Partier-Dauchlünst, SED and was, to the lasting annoyance of the West Berlin SPD, mayor of East Berlin from 1948 until 1967. His brother Karl Ibert became an SPD member of parliament in Baden-Württemberg in 1946 and remained so until 1964.
魏玛共和国的艺术监护人伊德文·雷茨洛布曾在纳粹政权下作为自由作家和文化历史学家工作。1940年，他撰写了成功的著作《帝国之路》，这本书讲述了从法兰克福经莱比锡到柏林的古罗马道路——里贾大道的文化历史。战后，他于1945年在柏林合办并发行了《塔古施贝格报》。雷茨洛布是内部移民的坚定捍卫者之一，他严厉批评流亡作家托马斯·曼，指责他认为纳粹政权下出版的所有文学作品都毫无价值，因为这些作品带有血腥和耻辱的味道。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Idven Retzlob, the art guardian of the Weimar Republic, worked under the Nazi regime as a freelance author and cultural historian. In 1940, he wrote the successful book The Road of the Reich, an account of the cultural history of the Via Regia, Roman Road, leading from Frankfurt via Leipzig to Berlin. After the war, he became co-founder and publisher of the Taguschbeger in Berlin in 1945. Retzlob was one of the most vehement defenders of internal emigration and he delivered a sharp attack against the exile Thomas Mann for considering all the literature published under the Nazi regime less than worthless since it had a smell of blood and shame attached to it.
1949年，雷茨洛布短暂担任柏林自由大学的校长，但被指责任用了太多有纳粹背景的教授。他于1973年在柏林去世。马丁·瓦格纳是柏林市政建筑检验员，于1933年3月被解职后失业。1935年，他成为伊斯坦布尔的城市规划顾问，并于1938年成为哈佛大学的城市规划教授。1952年，他前往德国，对联邦共和国的重建和城市规划感到失望。他于1957年在美国去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In 1949, Retzlob briefly became rector of the Berlin Free University, where he was accused of appointing too many professors with a Nazi past. He died in Berlin in 1973. Martin Wagner, the Berlin Municipal Building Surveyor, unemployed after his dismissal in March 1933, became a city planning advisor in Istanbul in 1935 and a professor of city planning at Harvard University in 1938. In 1952, he travelled through Germany and was disappointed by the reconstruction and urban planning of the Federal Republic. He died in the USA in 1957.
Braunortaut因被纳粹攻击为文化布尔什维克而被剥夺了教授职位，他首先在瑞士寻求庇护，然后前往日本。在成为伊斯坦布尔艺术学院的建筑学教授之前，他完成的最后一个项目是1938年的凯末尔·阿塔图尔克的灵柩。他在同年因哮喘发作去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Braunortaut attacked by the Nazis as a cultural Bolshevik and stripped of his professorship first sought refuge in Switzerland and then travelled to Japan. Before becoming professor of architecture at the Academy of Arts in Istanbul, his final commission was the Cataphalk of Kemel Ataturk in 1938. He died of an asthma attack the same year.
马塞尔·布劳耶是悬臂椅的共同发明者。1933年，他逃到匈牙利，后来迁往英国，最终于1937年移居美国，并与瓦尔特·戈皮乌斯在哈佛大学创立了建筑系。他开设了自己的建筑事务所，设计了许多引人注目的建筑，比如美国艺术的惠特尼博物馆。他于1981年在纽约去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Marcel Breuer, the co-inventor of the cantilever chair, fled to Hungary in 1933, later moved to Great Britain and finally in 1937 to the USA, where he set up the architectural faculty at Harvard University with Valtagorpius. With his own architectural office, he developed striking buildings such as the Whitney Museum of American Art. He died in New York in 1981.
卡尔·施罗德策·内尔姆堡是海姆赫茨施罗德建筑风格的宣传者，并在1945年之前担任过国会议员。他与纳粹同事们的宏伟建筑理念产生了冲突。他提出的以民间风格重新设计纽伦堡歌剧院的计划被当权者认为过于保守。因此，他再也没有获得过重要的建筑委托。不过，他仍然被列入了希特勒在1944年编制的“上帝恩赐者”名单中。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Karl Schrodtzer Nelmburg, propagandist for the Heimachtschrodt's style of architecture and a member of the Reichstag until 1945, came into conflict with the monumental architectural ideas of his Nazi colleagues. His plans for the redesign of Nuremberg Opera House in the Fokish style were considered too modest by those in power. Subsequently, he was awarded no more significant commissions as an architect. He was still included in Hitler's Gotbegenadeter, Blessed by God, List, drawn up in 1944.
舒洛德策·内尔姆堡在战争结束四年后去世于吉纳。科斯蒂安·舒洛德是罗曼塔舒卡斐中的佐尼亚画家，他在国家社会主义时期除了少数例外，放弃了绘画，而从1935年开始经营一家啤酒厂。后来，他利用自己在古典画派风格上的巨大才华，进行委托作品创作。他为阿沙芬堡的圣彼得和圣亚历山大学院教堂，复制了马蒂亚斯·格吕诺德的《斯托帕赫圣母》。舒洛德的作品在20世纪70年代被重新发现，他于1982年去世在斯托特加德。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Schrodtzer Nelmburg died in Jina four years after the war. Kostian Schrodt, the painter of Zonya in the Romantaschukafie, abandoned painting under national socialism with a few exceptions, instead running a brewery from 1935 onwards. Later, he used his huge gifts in the old master style to carry out commissioned work. He copied Matthias Gwynovalds Stopachmadona for its original location in the Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Alexander in Ashafenbork. Schrodt, whose work was rediscovered in the 1970s, died in Stotgaard in 1982.
Ibertina Gimpur是科斯蒂安·施罗特的同名画作中的人物。由于她的犹太血统，Ibertina在1933年被柏林石油公司Ux解雇。在慕尼黑，她和画家弗兰茨·赫尔德成为朋友，这位德裔美国人曾救过她和其他犹太德国人，使他们免受被驱逐的威胁。两人移居纽约，并于1948年结婚。1962年，他们返回德国。Ibertina Helder于1978年去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Ibertina Gimpur, the Zonya of the painting of the same name by Kostian Schrodt, was dismissed from the Berlin Oil Company, Ux, in 1933 because of her Jewish origins. In Munich, she became friends with the painter Franz Helder, the German American rescued her and other Jewish Germans from the threat of deportation. The pair emigrated to New York, where they married in 1948. They returned to Germany in 1962. Ibertina Helder died in 1978.
Rüt Lünsthofjag在流亡期间，生活方式依然和她在柏林时一样特立独行。在纽约，她几乎没有与德国移民圈子联系，以美国作家的身份为自己建立了新的生活。除了在美国发表的四部小说，她还为纽约的外百老汇剧场创作戏剧作品，其中包括1963年的《为垂死之人而作的摇篮曲》，探讨了同性恋和死刑等主题。她也用德语创作，翻译美国文学，并在德国发表了一些作品，但她更愿意留在纽约，在格林威治村找到了一个适合她的艺术圈子。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Rüt Lünsthofjag went on living as unconventionally in exile as she had in Berlin. In New York, largely without contact with the German emigrant scene, she made a life for herself as an American author. Apart from the four novels she published in the USA, she also wrote stage plays for New York's off-Broadway scene, including Lullaby for a Dying Man in 1963, which addressed themes of homosexuality and the death penalty. She also wrote in German, translated American literature and published some works in Germany, but preferred to stay in New York, where she found an artistic scene that suited her in Greenwich Village.
在那里，她也曾在著名的先锋剧院La Mama工作。1966年1月19日，她因心脏病发作在纽约马丁·贝克剧院的大堂去世。Le Hönor Le Stinnis在1917年至1929年期间，成为第一个环游世界的人。她嫁给了随行摄影师兼电影制片人Karl Axel Zudochtruum。直到1960年代，她一直在瑞典经营一个属于Stinnis家族的农场。她还在瑞典红十字会担任过多个领导职位，并于1990年在伦敦附近去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
There, she also worked for the famous avant-garde theatre La Mama. She died of a heart attack in the foyer of the Martin Beck Theatre in New York on the 19th of January 1966. Le Hönor Le Stinnis, who between 1917 and 1929, became the first person to drive around the world, married the photographer and filmmaker Karl Axel Zudochtruum, who had accompanied her on the journey. Until the 1960s she ran a farm in Sweden, belonging to the Stinnis families. She also occupied various directorial positions in the Swedish Red Cross and died in beyond London in 1990.
蕾妮·里芬斯塔尔（Le Nie Riefenstijl）为纳粹政权制作了宣传影片《信仰的胜利》、《意志的胜利》和《自由日：我们的国防军》。后来，她的专属电影摄制队还拍摄了波兰入侵的过程。尽管她积极参与了纳粹宣传，但在去纳粹化进程中，她被评为“随行者”，即随波逐流但并非积极参与者。战后，她作为摄影师有了成功的职业生涯，为伦敦《星期日泰晤士报》拍摄慕尼黑奥运会。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Le Nie Riefenstijl made the propaganda film's victory of faith, triumph of the will and day of freedom our Wehrmacht for the Nazi regime. Later, with the Riefenstijl's special film unit, she filmed the invasion of Poland. In spite of her active participation in propaganda, she was ranked as a mittläufer, a fellow traveller who went along with the regime but was not an active participant in the denarcification process. After the war she had a successful career as a photographer. She photographed the Munich Olympic Games for the London Sunday Times.
报纸上还刊登了她拍摄的比安卡·贾格尔的照片。勒妮·瑞芬斯泰尔于2003年去世，享年101岁。贝拉·巴拉奇是勒妮·瑞芬斯泰尔在1932年电影《蓝光》中的合作者，由于他的犹太人身份和共产主义者背景，无法返回当时已成为纳粹德国的故乡。他在1945年从莫斯科搬到了布达佩斯。他最后编写剧本的电影是1947年的《欧洲某地》，讲述了一群孩子在匈牙利战后混乱中流浪的故事。巴拉奇于1949年在布达佩斯去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The newspaper also included her photographs of Bianca Jagger. Le Nie Riefenstijl died in 2003 at the age of 101. Bela Balasch, Le Nie Riefenstijl's co-writer on the 1932 film The Blue Light, was unable as a Jew and a communist to return to what was now Nazi Germany after filming in Moscow. In 1945 he moved from Moscow to Budapest. His final film, for which he wrote the script, the 1947 Somewhere in Europe, is about a gang of children wandering through the post-war chaos of Hungary. Balasch died in Budapest in 1949.
西格弗里德·特恩斯勒特（Siegfried Ternslerter）在17岁时创作了著名的运动宫殿华尔兹，这首曲子曾在柏林的六日赛中演奏。然而，由于他的犹太血统，他几乎失去了所有的工作机会，不得不出售自己的音乐出版公司。1944年3月，他在特雷津施塔特被害，终年68岁。
乌梅·穆罕默德·胡岑（Umei Mohamed Huzen），来自豪斯瓦特-阿朗特（Hausvat-Alant）的阿斯卡里（Ascari），在1935年被解雇，因为一名同事声称他挪用了五马克。此后，他参与了一场巡回展览，这次展览致力于德国殖民地的恢复。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Siegfried Ternslerter, who as a 17-year-old, composed the sport palace-wolds famously played at Berlin's six-day races, lost almost all opportunities to work because of his Jewish descent and had to sell his music publishing company. He was murdered in Terisienstadt in March 1944 at the age of 68. By Umei Mohamed Huzen, the Ascari from Hausvat-Alant was dismissed in 1935 because a colleague claimed he had embezzled five marks. He went on to work on a touring exhibition devoted to the restoration of German colonies.
在1939年战争开始时，这位曾为德国人效力的前童子军徒劳地请求重新加入国防军。1941年，他被控告通婚犯罪，即“种族耻辱罪”，原因是一名慕尼黑女子与他生下了孩子。他于1944年11月24日作为编号为39604的囚犯死于萨克森豪森集中营。路易莎·佐米茨是一位教师和热衷于写日记的人，即使在她的丈夫——曾荣获勋章的德意志国防军少校弗里德里希·佐米茨因暴露其隐藏的犹太身份而被迫害和欺凌后，她仍然一度继续崇拜希特勒。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
At the start of the war in 1939, the former child soldier in the service of the Germans asked in vain to be readmitted to the Wehrmacht. In 1941, he was accused of racial shame, Rassen Schander, after a woman from Munich had a child by him. He died in Zachsenhausen concentration camp on the 24th of November 1944 as prisoner number 39604. Louisa Zomitz, teacher and passionate diarist, for a time continued to worship Hitler even when her husband, the formerly highly decorated Reichswehr Major, Friedrich Zomitz, was persecuted and bullied after revealing the Jewish identity that he had kept secret.
他被迫离开其民族主义组织，交出武器，并辞退了女仆。从1943年起，他被强迫从事劳役，并一直担心她的丈夫会被驱逐出境，最终连路易莎·佐米茨都成为了希特勒的反对者。全家人都幸存了下来。战争结束后，她那个从小被培养成反犹主义者的女儿，像她母亲一样嫁给了一位犹太人。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
He was forced to leave his nationalist associations, hand over his weapons and dismiss his maid. From 1943, he was pressed into forced labour, in constant fear that her husband would be deported even Louisa Zomitz eventually became an opponent of Hitler. The whole family survived. After the war, her daughter, raised as an anti-Semite, married a Jew as her mother had done.
埃娃是共和国最成功的摄影师之一。尽管她的犹太朋友们多次警告，她在1933年后依然拒绝离开德国。直到1938年，她都继续留在自己的工作室工作，该工作室由她的一位雅利安朋友表面上经营。最终不得不关闭工作室后，她在柏林的犹太医院里做了一名X光助理，以维持生计。1942年，她和丈夫被逮捕并被送往佐贝博尔灭绝营。1942年6月15日，她在那被杀害。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Eva, one of the most successful photographers of the Republic, refused to leave Germany after 1933, in spite of many warnings from her circle of Jewish friends. She went on working until 1938, in her studio, which was run for appearance as sake, by an Aryan friend. When she finally had to close the studio, she kept herself afloat as an x-ray assistant in the Jewish hospital in Berlin. In 1942, she and her husband were arrested and deported to Zorbe boi extermination camp, where she was murdered on the 15th of June 1942.
奥古斯特·祖德纳在纳粹政权下无法继续他关于纪录摄影项目《20世纪的人们》的工作。在巡回展览中，《我们时代的人们》被禁止展出。然而，他仍然经营着他的科隆工作室，并在1942年逐步将其搬迁至Vesta Vite。即便是在战争结束后，他的这一重大项目依然只是一个片段，但作为这样一个项目，它仍然获得了国际认可。祖德纳于1964年在科隆去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
August Zunder was unable to continue his work on the documentary photographic project, People of the 20th Century, in the Nazi regime. In a touring exhibition, People of our Time was banned. He continued to run his Cologne studio, however, and in 1942 gradually moved it to the Vesta Vite. Even after the war, his major project remained a fragment, but it's still one international recognition as such. Zunder died in Cologne in 1964.
汉斯·塞拉是《青年保守派月刊》迪塔特杂志的负责人，当他试图向希特勒提供服务时，却遭到冷遇。迪塔特杂志在1934年被禁，但塞拉之前对希特勒的批评并没有威胁到他的生命。他代表一种名为“Kverfrant”的理念，旨在通过让温和派的国家社会主义德国工人党成员参与，阻止希特勒成为总理。1934年，塞拉撤到德国北海岸附近的祖特岛上的昆彭，在那里写了畅销小说《珀西误入歧途》。在祖特岛，他后来遇到了阿科斯·施普林格，施普林格在1953年让他担任《迪威尔特》报的主编，塞拉几乎一直做到他1966年去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Hans Céra, the head of the Young Conservative Monthly Journal, Dittart, was given short drift when he attempted to offer his services to Hitler. Dittart was banned in 1934, but Céra's earlier criticism of Hitler did not cost the representative of the concept of the Kverfrant, which was intended to prevent Hitler from becoming Chancellor by involving moderate members of the NSDAP, his life. In 1934, Céra withdrew to Kumpen on the island of Züt, off the north coast of Germany, where he wrote the potboiler Percy Goes Estray. On Züt, he later met Aksos Schpringer, who in 1953 made him editor-in-chief of Divelte, which he went on running almost until his death in 1966.
Lotte Lázástain 作为画家的职业生涯起初充满希望，但随着纳粹掌权而结束。1937年，她借着一次在斯德哥尔摩举办个人画展的邀请，抓住机会移民，把60幅画作带到了瑞典。在瑞典，她通过接受委托绘画谋生，这些作品却很少展现她的真实才能。然而，她的经济情况得以维持。在她88岁时，这位被遗忘的艺术家震惊地发现自己再次受到关注。1987年，在伦敦Agnew's画廊举办的展览获得热烈好评，标志着她开始获得国际认可。Lotte Lázástain于1993年在瑞典的卡尔马去世。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Lotte Lázástain's career as a painter, which had begun promisingly, ended when the Nazis came to power. In 1937, she used an invitation to a solo exhibition in Stockholm as an opportunity to emigrate, taking 60 paintings with her. In Sweden, she made a living by painting commissions, which reveal little of her actual ability. She managed financially, however. At the age of 88, the forgotten artist was astonished to experience her rediscovery. An exhibition at Agnew's Gallery in London in 1987 to rave reviews marked the beginning of her international recognition. Lotte Lázástain died in 1993 in Karmá, Sweden.
冯·施莱彻在1932-1933年冬季期间曾短暂担任魏玛共和国的总理，并且像塞拉一样，是“Kverrant”概念的倡导者。后来，他以独立绅士的身份退隐到新巴贝尔斯贝格的别墅。1934年6月30日，他和他的妻子伊丽莎白被六名身份不明的冲锋队（SA）和安全局（SD）成员杀害。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Court von Schleicher briefly Chancellor of the Reich in the winter of 1932-1933, and, like Céra, an advocate of the concept of the Kverrant, retreated as an independent gentleman to his villa in Neubabelsberg. There on the 30th of June 1934, he and his wife, Elizabet, were murdered by six unidentified members of the essay and the SD.
弗兰克福特艺术报的柏林版编辑泽克·弗里德里希·克拉考尔在1933年2月28日发表了他为该报撰写的最后一篇文章，那是在国会大厦火灾后的第二天早晨，随后两天后他流亡到巴黎。德意志国防军入侵后，他冒险逃往纽约，并在那里为现代艺术博物馆的策展部工作，同时撰写了社会电影研究《从卡里加里到希特勒》。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Zeke Friedrich Krakauer, editor of the Berlin section of the Frankfort-Artsaitung, wrote his last article for the paper on the 28th of February 1933, the morning after the Reichstag fire, before going into exile in Paris two days later. After the invasion by the German Wehrmacht, he fled adventurously to New York, where he wrote the sociological film investigation from Caligari to Hitler, while working in the curatorial department of the Museum of Modern Art.
从长远来看，他并不希望返回德国，最终在哥伦比亚大学应用社会科学研究所担任研究主任。他从柏林发来的最后一篇文章中描述道，克拉考尔曾到访过被烧毁的国会大厦，当时在那里站满了静静观望这一不详景象的人群。其中也有孩子，越来越多的学生团体夹杂在成年人之间。他们闻到了兴奋的气息，并天真地为这种感受而高兴。而当他们长大后，将会从历史中学习到国会大厦大火的真正意义。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In the long term, he had no wish to return to Germany and ended up working as director of research at the Institute of Applied Social Sciences at Columbia University. For his last article from Berlin, Krakauer had visited the burned-out Reichstag on the Schrey, standing among people who gazed in silence at the ominous spectacle. There were children among them. More and more groups of school children mingle among the adults. They smell excitement and are innocently delighted by the sensation. When they grow up, they will learn from history what the Reichstag fire really meant.