Business Adventures: Twelve Classic Tales from the World of Wall Street. Chapter 9. A Second Sort of Life
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这一章节记录了戴维·埃利·利连塔尔令人惊讶的转变：从一位与田纳西河管理局 (TVA) 紧密相连、后来又服务于原子能委员会 (AEC) 的重要新政人物，转变为华尔街一位成功的商人。利连塔尔曾经被商界视为“疯狂社会主义”的象征，但在离开政府部门后，开启了“第二种人生”。
叙述首先强调了利连塔尔在罗斯福时代备受争议的声誉，这源于他与TVA的联系，TVA是一个大型国有电力实体。离开AEC后，令许多人震惊的是，利连塔尔发现自己深深地卷入了私营企业的世界。
他的第一个主要创业项目是作为发展与资源公司 (DNR) 的联合创始人和董事长。DNR 由华尔街支持，为海外自然资源开发提供管理、技术和规划服务。这家公司帮助各国政府建立类似于TVA的计划，开垦干旱地区，并为供水、矿产开发和电力提供建议。
更引人注目的是，利连塔尔作为公司高管和企业家积累了相当可观的财富。他成为美国矿物与化学品公司 (Minerals and Chemicals Corporation of America) 的董事，持有大量在纽约证券交易所交易的股票。此外，他的著作《大企业：一个新时代》(Big Business: A New Era) 主张工业巨头的存在，对滥用权力采取充分的公共保障措施，以及大企业促进小企业和个人主义。
作者对这些发展感到困惑，试图理解华尔街是如何影响利连塔尔的，反之亦然。一次对利连塔尔位于新泽西州普林斯顿的家的拜访，揭示了一个拥抱新生活，同时仍然保留着公共服务意识的人。利连塔尔解释说，他离开AEC是为了自由地表达自己的想法，并避免成为工业界或军方的“猪肉桶”。他带着对谋生的忐忑不安和个人隐私与自由的感觉进入了私人生活。
他的妻子海伦·兰姆·利连塔尔 (Helen Lamb Lilienthal) 证实，他的辞职是一种解脱，因为她被限制讨论他在 AEC 的工作。利连塔尔描述了他在 AEC 遇到的非人化的术语，以及他无法与妻子分享这些经历。
离开 AEC 后，利连塔尔收到了来自哈佛大学、律师事务所和工业公司的邀请。他最终接受了拉扎德兄弟公司 (Lazard Frères and Company) 的兼职咨询工作。这导致了他为其他公司提供咨询服务，包括开利公司 (Carrier Corporation) 和 RCA。
一个转折点发生在拉扎德兄弟公司将利连塔尔与 Minerals Separation North American Corporation 联系起来时。他被委以重任，要重振这家陷入困境的专利公司，并策划了与 Adapulga Clay Company (一家生产特种粘土的南方公司) 的合并。事实证明这次合并非常成功，促成了 Adapulga Minerals and Chemicals Corporation 的成立，利润和股价大幅上涨。利连塔尔成为董事会主席，后来又成为执行委员会主席。
通过公司授予的股票期权，利连塔尔的财富迅速增长。他行使了他的期权，以低价购买股票，然后以可观的利润出售。到 1950 年代中期，他已经成为百万富翁。
当矿物与化学品公司在纽约证券交易所上市时，利连塔尔感到了一种胜利感。尽管他对金融界有所保留，但他对金融家产生了新的尊重，并发现商业生活在创造方面令人兴奋。
利连塔尔转变的关键在于他能够全身心投入到工作中，并将他的技能应用于任何挑战。他保持独立，同时也变得富有。然而，一种对妥协挥之不去的不满情绪似乎仍然存在。这促使了发展与资源公司的成立，这使他能够将他的商业头脑与他对公共服务的热情结合起来。
DNR 参与了各种发展项目，包括在伊朗胡齐斯坦省的大型垦荒计划，以及在意大利、哥伦比亚、加纳、科特迪瓦和波多黎各的项目。1968 年，他再次拜访，在 DNR 的办公室里看到他，他表示，现在私营企业带给他的满足感比他从公共服务中获得的任何时候都要多。
This chapter chronicles David Eli Lilienthal's surprising transition from a prominent New Deal figure, deeply associated with the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and later the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), to a successful businessman on Wall Street. Lillienthal, once seen as a symbol of "galloping socialism" by the business community, embarks on a "second sort of life" after leaving government service.
The narrative begins by highlighting Lillienthal's controversial reputation during the Roosevelt era, stemming from his association with the TVA, a large government-owned electric power entity. After leaving the AEC, Lillienthal, much to the astonishment of many, found himself deeply involved in the world of private enterprise.
His first major venture was as co-founder and chairman of the Development and Resources Corporation (DNR). DNR, backed by Wall Street, provides managerial, technical, and planning services for natural resource development abroad. This firm helps governments establish programs similar to the TVA, reclaiming arid regions and advising on water supply, mineral development, and electric power.
More strikingly, Lillienthal amassed a considerable fortune as a corporate officer and entrepreneur. He became a director of the Minerals and Chemicals Corporation of America, holding a substantial number of shares that were traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Moreover, his book "Big Business: A New Era" argues in favor of industrial bigness, adequate public safeguards against abuses, and the promotion of small business and individualism by big business.
Confused by these developments, the author sought to understand how Wall Street had influenced Lillienthal, and vice versa. A visit to Lillienthal's home in Princeton, New Jersey, revealed a man who had embraced his new life while still retaining a sense of public service. Lillienthal explained that he left the AEC to speak his mind freely and avoid becoming a "pork barrel" for industry or the military. He entered private life with trepidation about making a living but also with a feeling of personal privacy and freedom.
His wife, Helen Lamb Lilienthal, confirmed that his resignation was a relief, as she had been restricted from discussing his AEC work. Lillienthal described the dehumanizing jargon he encountered in the AEC and his inability to share these experiences with his wife.
After leaving the AEC, Lillienthal received offers from Harvard, law firms, and industrial companies. He eventually accepted a part-time consulting job at Lazard Frères and Company. This led to consulting work for other companies, including Carrier Corporation and RCA.
A turning point came when Lazard Frères connected Lillienthal with Minerals Separation North American Corporation. He was tasked with reviving the struggling patent company and orchestrated a merger with the Adapulga Clay Company, a Southern company producing specialty clay. This merger proved successful, leading to the formation of the Adapulga Minerals and Chemicals Corporation and a significant rise in profits and stock price. Lillienthal became chairman of the board and later chairman of the executive committee.
Through stock options granted by the company, Lillienthal's wealth grew dramatically. He exercised his options, bought shares at a low price, and sold them at a substantial profit. By the mid-1950s, he had become a millionaire.
Lillienthal felt a sense of triumph when Minerals and Chemicals was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Despite his reservations about the world of finance, he developed a new respect for financiers and found business life creatively stimulating.
The key to Lillienthal’s transformation was his ability to immerse himself in his work and bring his skills to bear on any challenge. He kept his independence while becoming wealthy. However, a nagging sense of dissatisfaction with compromise seemed to remain. This led to the formation of the Development and Resources Corporation, which allowed him to combine his business acumen with his passion for public service.
DNR engaged in various development projects, including a large-scale reclamation scheme in Kuzestan, Iran, and programs in Italy, Colombia, Ghana, the Ivory Coast, and Puerto Rico. In 1968, he revisited to see him in the DNR's office where he stated that private enterprise was now affording him more satisfaction than he had ever derived from public service.
中英文字稿 
第九章 另一种生活方式
在富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统执政期间，华尔街和华盛顿常常势如水火。在华尔街的眼中，也许除了罗斯福本人外，没有哪个新政成员比大卫·埃利·利连塔尔更能代表新政。华尔街对利连塔尔如此评价的原因并不在于他有任何特别的反华尔街行为。事实上，包括与他有过私人交往的金融家温德尔·L·威尔基在内的一些金融界人士，普遍认为他是个通情达理的人。然而，他因为与田纳西河流域管理局的关联而被赋予了某种象征意义。这个由政府经营的电力公司比国内任何私人电力公司都要庞大，体现了华尔街所谓的"飞驰的社会主义"理念。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Chapter 9 A Second Sort of Life During Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, when Wall Street and Washington tended to be on cat and dog terms, perhaps no New Dealer other than that man himself better typified the New Deal in the eyes of Wall Street than David Eli Lillienthal. The explanation of this estimate of him in southern Manhattan lay not in any specific anti-Wall Street acts of Lillienthal's. Indeed the scattering of financiers among them Wendell L. Wilkie, who had personal dealings with him, generally found him to be a reasonable sort of fellow. But in what he had come to symbolize through his association with the Tennessee Valley Authority, which as a government-owned electric power concerned far larger than any private power corporation in the country, embodied Wall Street's notion of galloping socialism.
由于莉连塔尔从1933年到1941年一直是田纳西河流域管理局（TVA）三人董事会中的一个引人注目且充满活力的成员，并从1941年到1946年担任其主席，因此在他看来，那时期的商界认为他是个麻烦人物。1946年，他成为美国原子能委员会的首任主席。当他在1950年2月辞去这一职位时，年仅五十岁的他，被新闻报道形容为自战争结束以来华盛顿最具争议的人物。那么，自从离开政府后，莉连塔尔在这些年间都在做什么呢？
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Because Lillienthal was a conspicuous and vigorous member of the TVA's Three-Man Board of Directors from 1933 until 1941 and was its chairman from 1941 until 1946, the business community of that period, in his phrase, thought he war horns. In 1946 he became the first chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, and when he gave up that position in February 1950 at the age of fifty, the time said in a news story that he had been perhaps the most controversial figure in Washington since the end of the war. What has Lillienthal been up to in the years since he left the government?
根据公开记录，他从事了许多事情，令人惊讶的是，这些事情都与华尔街或私人企业，或两者都有关系。其中一项成就在于，利连塔尔被列入多家商业汇编中，作为发展和资源公司（DNR）的联合创始人兼董事会主席。多年前，我打电话到位于纽约市百老汇大街50号的DNR办公室，发现这是一家私人公司。它有华尔街的支持，并且几乎设立于华尔街，提供管理、技术、商业和规划服务，以促进国外自然资源的开发。也就是说，DNR与他的另一位已故联合创始人、曾担任田纳西流域管理局（TVA）主席的戈登·R·克拉普，一起从事帮助各国政府建立形式或多或少与TVA相似的项目。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
As a matter of public record, he has been up to a number of things, all of them surprisingly centered on Wall Street or on private business or both. For one thing, Lillienthal is listed in any number of business compendiums as the co-founder and the chairman of the Board of the Development and Resources Corporation. Years ago, I phoned DNR's offices, then at Fifty Broadway in New York City, and discovered it to be a private firm. Wall Street backed as well as, give or take a block, Wall Street based, that provides managerial, technical, business, and planning services toward the development of natural resources abroad. That is to say, DNR, whose other co-founder, the late Gordon R. Clap, was Lillienthal's successor as TVA chairman, is in the business of helping governments set up programs more or less similar to the TVA.
自1955年成立以来，DNR取得了中等但令人满意的利润，并规划和管理了一个开创性的计划，旨在改造伊朗西部一个虽然富有石油资源但却干旱贫困的地区——库切斯坦。DNR曾为意大利政府提供建议，以推动其落后南部省份的发展，还为哥伦比亚共和国建立了类似于田纳西河流域管理局的机构，以开发其潜力巨大但易受洪水影响的卡尔卡谷地。同时，DNR还向加纳提供了水资源供应方面的建议，向科特迪瓦提供了矿产开发的建议，以及向波多黎各提供了电力和原子能方面的建议。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Since its formation in 1955, I learned, DNR had, had moderate but gratifying profit to itself, planned and managed the beginnings of a vast scheme for the reclamation of Kucetstan, and arid and poverty stricken, though oil-rich region of Western Iran. Advised the government of Italy on the development of its backward southern provinces, Health Republic of Columbia set up a TVA-like authority for its potentially fertile but flood-played Kalka Valley, an offered advice to Ghana on water supply, to the Ivory Coast on mineral development and to Puerto Rico on electric power and atomic energy.
另一个让我感到更惊讶的事情是，Lillienthal作为一名公司高管和企业家，赚取了真正的财富。这让我比DNR更加震惊。在我得到的1960年6月24日美国矿产和化学公司的一份委托书中，我发现Lillienthal被列为公司董事，并持有41,366股该公司的普通股。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
For another thing, and when I found out about this, it struck me as considerably more astonishing on form than DNR, Lillienthal has made an authentic fortune as a corporate officer and entrepreneur. In a proxy statement of the Minerals and Chemicals Corporation of America, dated June 24, 1960, that fell into my hands, I found Lillienthal listed as a director of the firm and the holder of 41,366 shares of its common stock.
在我调查的时候，这些股票在纽约证券交易所的交易价格每股超过25美元，通过简单的乘法计算可以看出，这些股票的总价值在大多数人的标准下是一个巨额金额，尤其对于一个大半辈子靠政府工资生活、没有私人财源的人来说更是如此。另外，1953年，Harper and Brothers出版社出版了Lilienthal的第三本书《大企业：新时代》。他之前的书是《田纳西河流域管理局》(TVA)、《民主在前进》和《认为这一面》，分别于1944年和1949年出版。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
These shares, at the time of my investigation, were being traded on the New York Stock Exchange at something over $25 each, and simple multiplication revealed that they represented a thumping sum by most men's standards, certainly including those of a man who had spent most of his life on government wages, without the help of private resources. And for still another thing, in 1953 Harper and Brothers brought out Lillienthal's third book, Big Business, a New Era. His previous books were TVA, Democracy on the March, and This Side Do Believe, which appeared in 1944 and 1949 respectively.
在《大企业》一书中，利连塔尔（Lillienthal）提出观点，他认为美国的生产和分配优势不仅来自于国家实力，更仰赖于工业的大规模发展。他主张我们已经拥有足够的公共措施来防止大企业的滥用权力，或者至少知道如何根据需要制定这些措施。此外，他认为，大企业并不像人们通常认为的那样会摧毁小企业，反而会促进小企业的发展。最后，他指出，大企业社会并不压制个人主义，这与多数知识分子的观点相反。相反，通过减少贫困、疾病和物质不安全，并增加休闲和旅行的机会，大企业社会实际上鼓励了个人主义。这些观点可以说是这位曾经的新政支持者的“战斗性言论”。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In Big Business, Lillienthal argues that not only the productive and distributive superiority of the United States, but also its national security depends on industrial bigness. That we now have adequate public safeguards against abuses of big business, or know well enough how to fashion them as required, that big business does not tend to destroy small business, as is often supposed, but rather tends to promote it, and finally that a big business society does not suppress individualism, as most intellectuals believe, but actually tends to encourage it by reducing poverty, disease, and physical insecurity, and increasing the opportunities for leisure and travel, fighting words in short from an old New Dealer.
利连塔尔是一位政府官员，我作为一个报纸读者，曾经相当密切地关注过他的政府生涯。我对他作为政府官员的兴趣在1947年2月达到顶峰。当时，他在国会听证会上遭到他旧敌、田纳西州参议员肯尼斯·D·麦凯勒的猛烈攻击，质疑他出任原子能委员会职位的资格。对此，利连塔尔发表了一番自发的个人民主信念声明，这对于很多人来说，至今仍被视为对后来被称为麦卡锡主义的最有力抨击之一。他说，民主的一个原则，是基于一种核心信念，即个人为先，所有人都是上帝的孩子，他们的个人尊严因此是神圣的。利连塔尔还谈到，民主包括对公民自由的深刻信仰及其保护，反感任何通过暗示或影射来诋毁他人声誉的人，因为这等于剥夺了一个人最珍贵的东西——他的好名声。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Lillienthal is a man whose government career I, as a newspaper reader, had followed fairly closely. My interest in him as a government official had reached its peak in February 1947, when in answer to a fierce attack on him by his old enemy, Senator Kenneth D. McKellar of Tennessee, during congressional hearings on his fitness for the AEC job, he uttered a spontaneous statement of personal democratic faith, that for many people still ranks as one of the most stirring attacks on what later came to be known as McCarthyism. One of the tenets of democracy, that grow out of the central core of a belief that the individual comes first, that all men are the children of God, and their personalities are therefore sacred, Lillienthal said, among other things, is a deep belief in civil liberties, and their protection, and a repugnance to anyone who would steal from a human being that which is most precious to him, his good name, by imputing things to him, by innuendo or by insinuation.
我收集到的一些关于他的新私人事业的信息让我感到困惑，不知道华尔街和商业生活是如何影响利连塔尔的，反之亦然。在他们迟来的和解中，我和他取得了联系。大约一天后，应他的邀请，我驱车前往新泽西，计划与他共度下午。他和妻子海伦·兰姆·利连塔尔住在普林斯顿的战斗路上。他们是在纽约市居住了六年后，于1957年搬到这里的，最初住在比克曼广场的一栋房子里，后来搬到了萨顿广场的一间公寓。普林斯顿的房子占地不到一英亩，采用乔治亚风格的砖砌结构，带有绿色百叶窗。这个地方被其他类似的房子环绕，宽敞却一点也不显得奢华。利连塔尔穿着灰色长裤和格子运动衫在前门迎接了我。他刚过六十岁，是个高大、身材匀称的人，发际线后退，略显鹰钩鼻，眼神坦率而有穿透力。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The fragments of information I picked up about his new private career left me confused, wondering how Wall Street and business life had affected Lillienthal and vice versa in their belated rapprochement, I got in touch with him, and a day or so later, at his invitation, drove out to New Jersey to spend the afternoon with him. Lillienthal and his wife Helen Lamb, Lillienthal, lived on Battle Road in Princeton, where they had settled in 1957, after six years in New York City, at first in a house on Beakman Place, and later in an apartment on Sutton Place. The Princeton house, which stands in a plot of less than an acre, is of Georgian brick with green shutters. Surrounded by other houses of its kind, the place is capacious yet anything but pretentious. Lillienthal, wearing gray slacks and a plaid sport shirt, met me at the front door. At just past sixty, he was a tall, trim man with the receding airline, a slightly hawk-like profile, and candid piercing eyes.
他带我进入客厅，介绍了莉莲塔尔夫人，然后向我展示了一些家中的珍藏。壁炉前有一块大大的东方地毯，他说那是伊朗国王送的礼物；在壁炉对面的墙上挂着一幅十九世纪末的中国卷轴，上面有四个看起来颇为调皮的人物。他告诉我，这幅画对他有特殊的意义，因为他们都是中高阶的文职官员。在其中有一个特别神秘的家伙，他微笑着说，他总是把这个人看作是自己的东方对照。莉莲塔尔夫人去准备咖啡，在她离开的时间里，我请莉莲塔尔从头讲讲他在政府退出后的生活。他说：“好的，从头开始。我离开了美国原子能委员会有很多原因。在这种工作中，我觉得人很容易被替代。如果呆得太久，你可能会发现自己在讨好工业界或军方，或者两者兼而有之，从而建造出类似于原子能利益的东西。”
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
He led me into the living room, where he introduced Mrs. Lillienthal, and then pointed out a couple of household treasures. A large, oriental rug in front of the fireplace, which he said was a gift from the Shah of Iran, and, hanging on the wall opposite the fireplace, a Chinese scroll of the late nineteenth century, showing four rather roguish men, who he told me have a special meaning for him, since they are upper, middle-ranked civil servants. According to a particularly enigmatic-looking fellow, he added with a smile, that he always thought of that one as his oriental counterpart. Mrs. Lillienthal went to get coffee, and while she was gone, I asked Lillienthal to tell me something of his post-government life, starting at the beginning. All right, he said, the beginning. I left the AEC for a number of reasons. In that kind of work, I feel, a fellow is highly expendable. If you stayed too long, you might find yourself placating industry, or the military, or both, building up what would amount to an atomic pork barrel.
另一件事情是，我希望能够比作为政府官员时更自由地表达自己的想法。我觉得我已经履行了自己的职责，所以在1949年11月，我提交了辞呈，并在三个月后生效。谈到时机问题，我选择那个时候辞职是因为那时没有受到任何攻击。原本我计划在1949年早些时候辞职，但随后国会对我最后一次攻击就来了。那时艾奥瓦州的希肯卢珀指责我管理不善。我注意到里林塔尔提到希肯卢珀事件时并没有微笑。他接着说，我带着既忧虑又如释重负的心情进入了私人生活。忧虑是因为对自己能否赚到生活费感到担心，这是真实存在的。哦，我年轻时在芝加哥当律师，并赚了不少钱，然后才进入政府工作。但现在我不想再执业律师了，所以对自己还能做什么感到担忧。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Another thing, I wanted to be allowed to speak my mind more freely than I could as a government official. I felt that served my term, so I turned in my resignation in November 1949, and it went into effect three months later. As for the timing, I resigned then because, for once, I wasn't under fire. Originally, I'd planned to do it earlier in 1949, but then came the last congressional attack on me. The time Hickenlooper of Iowa accused me of incredible mismanagement. I noticed that Lillienthal did not smile in referring to the Hickenlooper affair. I entered private life with both trepidation and relief, he went on. The trepidation was about my ability to make a living, and it was very real. Oh, I'd been a practicing lawyer as a young man in Chicago before going into government work and made quite a lot of money out of two. But now I didn't want to practice law, and I was worried about what else I could do.
我对这个话题非常痴迷，总是不停地谈论，以至于我的妻子和朋友们开始取笑我。在1949年的圣诞节，我的妻子给了我一个乞丐用的锡杯，而我的一个朋友送了我一把吉他来搭配它。那种如释重负的感觉，是个人隐私和自由的问题。作为一个普通公民，我不必像在美国原子能委员会时那样被大批安全人员跟踪，也不用应对国会委员会的指控，最重要的是，我可以再次自由地与我的妻子交谈。当我的丈夫在说话时，丽莲塔尔夫人端着咖啡回来了，她现在和我们一起坐下。我知道，她来自一个先锋家庭，几代人从新英格兰搬到俄亥俄，再到印第安纳，最后到她出生的俄克拉荷马。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
I was so obsessed with the subject that I harped on at all the time, and my wife and my friends began to kid me. That Christmas of 1949, my wife gave me a beggar's tin cup, and one of my friends gave me a guitar to go with it. The feeling of relief. Well, that was a matter of personal privacy and freedom. As a private citizen, I wouldn't have to be trailed around by hordes of security officers as I had been at the AEC. I wouldn't have to answer the charges of congressional committees, and above all, I'd be able to talk freely to my wife again. Mrs. Lillianthal had returned with the coffee as her husband was talking, and now she sat down with us. She comes, I knew, from a family of pioneers who, over several generations, moved westward from New England to Ohio to Indiana to Oklahoma, where she was born.
她在我看来很符合一个有尊严、耐心、务实和温柔力量的女性的形象。她说：“我可以告诉你，我丈夫辞职时我感到如释重负。在他去原子能委员会（AEC）工作之前，我们总是一起讨论他工作的各个方面。当他接受那份工作时，我们之间达成了协议，虽然我们可以自由地讨论各种人，但他绝不会告诉我任何关于AEC的工作内容，只要是报纸上没有的。这种约束实在太让人难受了。” 利里安塔尔点了点头。“我晚上回到家，内心充满了可怕的经历，”他说。任何触碰过原子的人，都会被改变。也许我参加了一系列会议，并听到了很多军事和科学人士常说的话。他们把活生生的人称为目标，诸如此类的事情。我从未能习惯那种冷漠的术语。我回到家时心情沉重，但无法跟海伦倾诉。我不被允许发泄心中的感受。”
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
She seemed to me to look the part, that of a woman of dignity, patience, practicality and gentle strength. "'I can tell you that my husband's resignation was a relief to me,' she said, "'before he went with the AEC. We'd always talked over all aspects of his work. When he took that job, we agreed between us that although we'd indulge in the discussion of personalities as freely as we pleased, he would never tell me anything about the work of the AEC that I couldn't read in the newspapers. It was a terrible constraint to be under." Lillianthal nodded. "'I'd come home at night with some frightful experience in me,' he said. No one who so much as touches the atom is ever quite the same again. Perhaps I'd have been in a series of conferences, and listened to the kind of talk that many military and scientific men go in for. He's full of human beings, referred to as targets, and that sort of thing. I never got used to that impersonal jargon. I'd come home sick at heart, but I couldn't talk about it to Helen. I wasn't allowed to get it off my chest.
莉莉安塔尔夫人说：“现在不会再有听证会了，那些可怕的听证会。我永远不会忘记我们去过的一个华盛顿鸡尾酒会，真是自找苦吃。我丈夫刚经历了一系列无休无止的国会听证会。一个戴着怪帽子的女人热情地走上前去，对他说：‘哦，莉莉安塔尔先生，我本来很想去参加您的听证会，但实在抽不开身，我真是太遗憾了。我就是很喜欢听证会，不是吗？’当时我和丈夫对视了一下。这次，莉莉安塔尔露出了一丝笑容。他似乎很高兴能继续谈接下来发生的事情。大约在他辞职生效的时候，他告诉我，有来自哈佛的几个人来找他，这些人分别代表历史、公共行政和法律领域，他们邀请他加入教师团队。但他决定既不想成为教授，也不想继续从事法律工作。甚至在接下来的几个星期里，他还收到了来自纽约和华盛顿的多家律师事务所以及某些工业公司的工作邀请。"
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
And now there wouldn't be any more hearings,' Mrs. Lillianthal said, "'Thus terrible hearings. I'll never forget one Washington cocktail party we went to, for our sins. My husband had been going through one of the endless series of congressional hearings. A woman in a funny hat came gushing up to him and said something like, "'Oh, Mr. Lillianthal, I was so anxious to come to your hearings, but I just couldn't make it. I'm so sorry. I just love hearings, don't you?'" Husband and wife looked at each other. And this time, Lillianthal managed to grin. Lillianthal seemed glad to get on to what happened next. At about the time his resignation became effective, he told me, he was approached by various men from Harvard, representing the fields of history, public administration and law, who asked him to accept an appointment to the faculty. But he decided he didn't want to become a professor any more than he wanted to practice law. Even the next few weeks came offers from numerous law firms in New York and Washington, and from some industrial companies.
经过一番考虑后，Lillianthal发现自己并不需要靠打铁杯子和弹吉他谋生。在仔细权衡了各项提议后，他最终在1950年5月选择了一份兼职工作，成为著名银行公司Lazard Frères的顾问。这家公司的高级合伙人安德烈·梅耶是通过他们共同的朋友阿尔伯特·拉斯克认识他的。Lazard为他在44华尔街的总部提供了办公室。不过，在他能够开始大量的咨询工作之前，他经常在全美各地巡回演讲，随后在夏天与妻子一起代表已故的《柯利尔》杂志前往欧洲旅行。不过，这次旅行并没有产生任何文章。秋天返回家中后，他发觉有必要找到一份全职的收入来源。为此，他成为了多家公司的顾问，其中包括开利公司和美国无线电公司。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Reassured by these that he was not going to need the tin cup and guitar after all, Lillianthal, after mulling over the offers, finally turned them all down and settled in May 1950 for a part-time job as a consultant to the celebrated banking firm of Lazard Freire and Company, whose senior partner, Andre Meyer, he had met through Albert Lasker, a mutual friend. Lazard gave him an office in its headquarters at 44 Wall. But before he could do much consulting, he was often a lecture-tourer across the United States, followed by a trip to Europe that summer with his wife, on behalf of the late Collier's magazine. The trip did not result in any articles, though, and on returning home in the fall he found it necessary to get back on a full-time income-producing basis. This he did by becoming a consultant to various other companies, among them the Carrier Corporation and the Radio Corporation of America.
他向Carrier公司提供了有关管理问题的建议。对于RCA公司，他参与了彩色电视的问题，并最终建议客户专注于技术研究，而不是在法庭上对专利争端纠缠不休。他还帮助说服公司推动其计算机项目，并避免参与原子反应堆的建设。1951年初，他为《Colliers》再次出国旅行，访问了印度、巴基斯坦、泰国和日本。这次旅行促成了一篇文章，该文章于当年8月在《Colliers》发表。在文中，他提出了一个解决印巴克什米尔争端以及印度河上游问题的方案。Lillian Thal的想法是，通过经济开发印度河流域，改善整个争议地区的生活条件，可以最好地缓解两国间的紧张关系。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
To Carrier, he offered advice on managerial problems. For RCA, he worked on the question of color television, ultimately advising his client to concentrate on technical research rather than on law court squabbles over patents. He also helped persuade the company to press its computer program and to stay out to the construction of atomic reactors. Early in 1951, he took another trip abroad for Colliers, to India, Pakistan, Thailand, and Japan. This trip produced an article published in Colliers that August, in which he proposed a solution to the dispute between India and Pakistan over Kashmir and the headwaters of the Indus River. Lillian Thal's idea was that the tension between the two countries could best be lessened by a cooperative program to improve living conditions in the whole disputed area through economic development of the Indus Basin.
九年后，凭借尤金·R·布莱克和世界银行的资金支持和道义支持，莉莉安·撒尔的计划基本上得到了采纳，印度和巴基斯坦之间签署了一项工业条约。但他文章初步发表时，人们普遍反应冷淡，莉莉安·撒尔一时受阻，心灰意冷，再次专注于私人业务的小问题。这时，在莉莉安·撒尔叙述到此处时，门铃响了。莉莉安·撒尔夫人去开门，我可以听到她和一个人谈话，显然是园丁，讨论一些玫瑰的修剪。有一两分钟我不安地听着，莉莉安·撒尔对他的妻子喊道，海伦，请告诉多米尼克把那些玫瑰修剪得比去年更靠后。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Nine years later, largely through the financial backing and moral support of Eugene R. Black and the World Bank, the Lillian Thal plan was essentially adopted and an Indus Treaty signed between India and Pakistan. But the immediate reaction to his article was general indifference, and Lillian Thal temporarily stymied and considerably disillusioned once more settled down to the humbler problems of private business. At this point in Lillian Thal's narrative, the doorbell rang. Mrs. Lillian Thal went to answer it, and I could hear her talking to someone, a gardener evidently, about the pruning of some roses. After listening, restlessly, for a minute or two, Lillian Thal called to his wife, Helen, please tell Dominic to prune those roses farther back than he did last year.
莉莲·萨尔夫人和多米尼克一起出门，莉莲评论说，多米尼克修剪树枝时总是太温柔了，而她认为这和他们的背景有关，一个是意大利，一个是美国中西部。接着他说起与拉扎德·弗莱尔公司的合作，特别是与梅耶的合作，使他先以顾问身份，后来成为高管，加入了一家小公司，名为矿物分离北美公司。这家公司拉扎德·弗莱尔持有很大股份。令他意外的是，这次合作让他赚到了财富。这家公司当时遇到了麻烦，梅耶觉得莉莲·萨尔可能是能解决问题的人。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Mrs. Lillian Thal went outside with Dominic, and Lillian Thal remarked, Dominic always prunes too gently to my way of thinking, it's a case of our backgrounds, Italy versus the Middle West. Then resuming where he had left off, he said that his association with Lazard Freire, and more particularly with Meyer, had led him into an association, first as a consultant and later as an executive, with a small company called the Minerals Separation North American Corporation, in which Lazard Freire had a large interest. It was in this undertaking that unexpectedly he made his fortune. The company was in trouble, and Meyer's notion was that Lillian Thal might be the man to do something about it.
翻译如下：
随后，通过一系列的合并、收购和其他操作，公司名称也逐步更改，先后改为阿达波勒格斯矿物化工公司、美洲矿物化工公司，并在1960年更名为菲利普矿物化工公司。同时，其年度收入从1952年的大约75万美元增长到1960年超过2.74亿美元。对于莉莲·萨尔来说，接受麦耶的委托调查公司事务，标志着她开启了为期四年的沉浸式商业管理体验。他坚决地表示，这段经历成为他人生中最充实的财富之一，而且不仅仅是在物质方面。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Subsequently, in the course of a series of mergers, acquisitions, and other maneuvers, the company's name was changed too, successively, the Adapolgus Minerals and Chemicals Corporation, the Minerals and Chemicals Corporation of America, and in 1960, the Minerals and Chemicals Philip Corporation. Meanwhile, its annual receipts rose from about $750,000 from 1952 to something over $274 million from 1960. For Lillian Thal, the acceptance of Meyer's commission to look into the company's affairs was the beginning of a four-year immersion in the day-to-day problems of managing a business. The experience, he said decisively, turned out to be one of his life's richest, and by no means only in the literal sense of that word.
我根据莉莉安·塔尔的经历，重建了与公司相关的事实。这些信息部分来自他在普林斯顿告诉我的内容，部分来自对公司公开文件的研究，另一些则来自与对公司感兴趣的其他人的交谈。北美矿物分离公司成立于1916年，源于一家英国公司，是一家专利公司，主要收入来自铜矿石及其他有色金属矿石精炼工艺专利的许可使用费。公司的活动分为两个方面：一是通过其研究实验室开发新专利，二是为租用其旧专利的矿业和制造公司提供技术服务。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
I have reconstructed the corporate facts behind Lillian Thal's experience, partly from what he told me in Princeton, partly from a subsequent study of some of the company's published documents and partly from talks with other persons interested in the firm. Minerals' separation north American, which was founded in 1916 as an offshoot of a British firm, was a patent company, deriving its chief income from royalties on patents for processes used in refining copper ore and the oars of other non-ferrous minerals. Its activities were twofold, attempting to develop new patents in its research laboratory and offering technical services to the mining and manufacturing companies that leased its old ones.
在1950年，尽管公司仍能获得不错的年度利润，但状况已经非常糟糕。在长期任职的总裁赛斯·格雷戈里博士的领导下，公司逐渐削减了几乎所有的研发活动。那时年逾九十的格雷戈里博士依然以强硬的手腕管理公司，每天都乘坐一辆高贵的紫色劳斯莱斯在位于市中心的公寓酒店和百老汇11号的办公室之间通勤。公司依靠着六项旧专利来维持生计，而这些专利将在五到八年内全部到期进入公共领域。实际上，这是一家健康但已被判“死刑”的公司。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In 1950, although it was still netting a nice annual profit, it was in a bad way. Under the direction of its longtime president, Dr. Seth Gregory, who was then over 90 but still ruled the company with an iron hand, commuting daily between his Midtown apartment hotel and his office at 11 Broadway in a regally purple Rolls Royce, it had cut down its research activities to almost nothing and was living on half a dozen old patents, all of which were scheduled to go into the public domain in from five to eight years. In effect, it was a still healthy company living under a death sentence.
一个大股东的奇怪祈祷，可以理解地感到担忧。格雷戈里博士被说服以优厚的养老金退休。1952年2月，他作为顾问在矿物分离领域工作了一段时间后，莉莲·塔尔被任命为该公司的总裁并成为董事会成员。他的首要任务是寻找新的收入来源，以取代即将到期的专利。他和其他董事一致认为，解决这一问题的方法是通过合并。因此，安排矿物分离公司与另一家公司合并的任务就落在了莉莲·塔尔肩上，而该公司中，拉扎德·弗雷尔和华尔街公司F. Eberstadt有大量投资。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Bizarre prayer as a large stockholder was understandably concerned. Dr. Gregory was persuaded to retire on a handsome pension and in February 1952, after working with mineral separation for some time as a consultant, Lillian Thal was installed as the company's president and a member of its board of directors. His first task was to find a new source of income to replace the fast expiring patents and he and the other directors agreed that the way to accomplish this was through a merger. It fell to Lillian Thal to participate in arranging one between minerals separation and another company in which Lazard Frere, along with the Wall Street firm of F. Eberstadt and company, had large holdings.
位于乔治亚州阿达普尔加的阿达普尔加粘土公司生产一种非常稀有的粘土，这种粘土对于净化石油产品非常有用。同时，他们还制造了各种家居产品，其中包括名为Speedy Dry的地板清洁剂。莉莲·萨尔在矿物分离与阿达普尔加公司之间担任“婚姻介绍人”的角色，她的棘手工作就是要说服南方公司的高管们相信，他们并没有成为一群贪婪的华尔街银行家的棋子。身为银行家代理人对于莉莲·萨尔来说是不寻常的角色，但显然他处理得非常出色，尽管他的出现使得这一情形更加复杂，因为其中还夹杂着一种激进社会主义的气息。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The Adapulga's Clay Company of Adapulga, Georgia, which produced a very rare kind of clay that is useful in purifying petroleum products and which manufactured various household products among them a floor cleaner called Speedy Dry. As a marriage broker between mineral separation and Adapulga's, Lillian Thal had the touchy job of persuading the executives of the Southern Company that they were not being used as pawns by a bunch of rapacious Wall Street bankers. Being an agent of the bankers was an unaccustomed role for Lillian Thal, but he evidently carried it off with a plumb, despite the fact that his presence complicated the emotional problems still further by introducing into the situation a whiff of galloping socialism.
戴夫在提高Adapulga人民的信心方面非常有效。据华尔街的人告诉我，他让他们接受合并并展示了这对他们的好处。Lillienthal亲自告诉我，他在工作的管理和技术部分感到得心应手，但财务部分则由Lazard和Eversstadt的人来完成。每当他们谈到分拆和股票交换时，我就感到迷茫。我甚至不知道什么是分拆。正如Lillienthal现在所知道的那样，简单来说，分拆就是将一个公司分成两个或多个公司，这与合并正相反。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Dave was very effective in building up the Adapulga's People's Morale in confidence, under the Wall Streeters told me, he reconciled them to the merger and showed them its advantages for them. Lillienthal himself told me, I felt at home in the administrative and technical parts of the job, but the financial part had to be done by the people from Lazard and Eversstadt. Every time they began talking about spin-offs and exchanges of shares, I was lost. I didn't even know what a spin-off was. As Lillienthal knows now, it is not to get too technical about it, a division of a company into two or more companies, the opposite of a merger.
1952年12月，公司合并完成，Adapulga公司和矿产分离公司的员工都对此没有任何遗憾，因为新成立的Adapulga矿产与化学公司很快就实现了利润和股价的双增长。在合并时，Lillienthal被任命为董事会主席，年薪为18,000美元。在接下来的三年中，他先是担任董事会主席，后来成为执行委员会主席，对公司日常事务的处理以及通过一系列新的并购推动公司进一步发展起到了重要作用。1954年，公司与K-Lenn纸张涂层的主要生产商Edgar Brothers合并，1955年又与俄亥俄州和弗吉尼亚州的两家石灰石公司合并。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The merger took place in December 1952, and neither the Adapulga's People nor the Minerals' Separation People had any reason to regret it, because both the profits and the stock price of the newly formed company, the Adapulga's Minerals and Chemicals Corporation, soon began to rise. At the time of the merger, Lillienthal was made chairman of the Board of Directors, at an annual salary of $18,000. Over the next three years, while serving first in this position and later as chairman of the executive committee, he had a large part, not only in the conduct of the company's routine affairs, but also in its further growth, through a series of new mergers, one in 1954 with Edgar Brothers, a leading producer of K-Lenn for paper coding, and two in 1955, with a pair of limestone concerns in Ohio and Virginia.
兼并以及随之而来的效率提升迅速带来了成效。在1952年至1955年之间，该公司的每股净利润增加了超过五倍。利连塔尔从相对清贫的公务员到成功企业家的财富积累过程，可以在公司年度和特别股东会议的授权委托书中清楚地看到。没有比授权委托书更详细的公开文件了，因为其中必须列出董事们的确切私人股票持有情况。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The mergers and the increased efficiency that went with them were not long in paying off. Between 1952 and 1955, the company's net profit per share more than quintupled. The mechanics of Lillienthal's own rise, from the comparative rags of a public servant to the riches of a successful entrepreneur, are boldly outlined in the company's proxy statements for its annual and special stockholders' meetings. There are few public documents more indiscreet than proxy statements, in which the precise private stock holdings of directors must be listed.
在1952年11月，北美矿物分离公司作为对Lillienthal年薪的补充，授予他一项股票期权。这项期权允许他在1955年底之前，以每股4.87.5美元的价格（当时的市场价）从公司的库存中购买最多五万股股票。作为交换，他签署了一份合同，同意在1953年、1954年和1955年期间担任公司的积极执行官。对他来说（如同对所有其他获得股票期权的人来说），潜在的财务利益在于：如果股票价格大幅上涨，他可以以期权价格购买股票，从而拥有一份立刻比他的支付金额更有价值的持股。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In November 1952, Mineral Separation North American granted Lillienthal as a supplement to his annual salary a stock option. His option entitled him to buy as many as fifty thousand shares of the firm's stock from its treasury at $4.87.5 per share, then the going rate, any time before the end of 1955, and in exchange he signed a contract agreeing to serve the company as an active executive throughout 1953, 1954, and 1955. The potential financial advantage to him, of course, as to all other recipients of stock options, lay in the fact that if the price of the stock rose substantially, he could buy shares at the option price, and thus have a holding that would immediately be worth much more than he paid for it.
此外，更重要的是，如果他以后决定出售他的股票，所得收益将是资本增值，需按最高25%的税率缴纳税款。当然，如果股票没有上升，该期权将一文不值。但就像许多五十年代中期的股票一样，利利恩塔尔的股票确实上涨了。根据股东委托书显示，到1954年底，利利恩塔尔已经行使了他的期权，购买了12,750股，当时每股价值不再是4.875美元，而是大约20美元。1955年2月，他以每股22.75美元的价格卖出了4,000股，收入91,000美元。这笔金额在扣除资本增值税后，用于根据期权进行进一步的购买。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Furthermore, and more important, if he should later decide to sell his shares, the proceeds would be a capital gain, taxable at a maximum rate of 25%. Of course, if the stock failed to go up, the option would be worthless. But like so many stocks of the mid-fifties, Lillienthal's did go up fantastically. By the end of 1954, according to the proxy statements, Lillienthal had exercised his option to the extent of buying 12,750 shares, which were then worth not $4.87.5 each, but about $20. In February 1955, he sold off 4,000 shares at $22.75 each, bringing in $91,000. This sum, less capital gains tax, was then applied against further purchases under the option.
在1955年8月的股东委托书中显示，利连塔尔将他的持股增至近四万股，接近我探访他时的持股数量。到那时，这只股票最初是在柜台交易的，但后来不仅成功在纽约证券交易所上市，还成为了交易所中特别受欢迎的投机股之一。其股价飙升至每股约40美元，利连塔尔显然已经稳稳地跻身百万富翁行列。此外，这家公司已经走上了稳固的长期发展道路，每年支付每股50美分的现金红利，利连塔尔家族的经济忧虑从此烟消云散。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
And in August 1955, the proxy statements show Lillienthal raised his holdings to almost 40,000 shares, or close to the number he held at the time of my visit to him. By that time, the stock, which had had first been sold over the counter, not only had achieved a listing on the New York Stock Exchange, but had become one of the exchange's high-flying speculative favorites. Its price had skyrocketed to about $40 a share, and Lillienthal obviously was solidly in the millionaire class. Moreover, the company was now on a sound long-term basis, paying an annual cash dividend of 50 cents a share, and the Lillienthal family's financial worries were permanently over.
从财政的角度来说，利利恩塔尔告诉我，他象征性胜利的时刻是在1955年6月的某一天，那时矿物和化学品公司的股票成功在纽约证券交易所上市。根据惯例，作为高管之一的利利恩塔尔被邀请到交易所现场，与交易所主席握手并进行参观。他告诉我说："我在一天内经历了这一切。在此之前，我从未进过任何证券交易所。这一切对我来说既神秘又令人着迷。没有任何动物园能让我感到更陌生。"
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Fiscally speaking, Lillienthal told me his symbolic moment of triumph was the day in June of 1955, when the shares of minerals and chemicals graduated to a listing on the New York Stock Exchange. In accordance with custom, Lillienthal, as a top officer, was invited onto the floor to shake hands with the President of the Exchange and be shown around generally. I went through it in a day, Lillienthal told me. Until then, I'd never been inside any stock exchange in my life. It was all mysterious and fascinating. No zoo could have seemed more strange to me.
关于股票交易所在这一阶段对曾经混迹于股市的人在其交易场所的感受， 并没有记录。但在告诉我他与公司的经历时，Lillienthal充满热情地讲述了，并让整个事情听起来既神秘又迷人。我问他，除了明显的经济诱因外，还有什么促使他致力于一家小公司的事务，以及身为TVA和AEC前任负责人的他，转而实际推销塑料布、陶土、石灰石和快速干燥材料时的感受如何。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
How the stock exchange felt at this stage about having the former wearer of horns on its floor is not recorded. And telling me about his experience with the company, Lillienthal had spoken with zest, and had made the whole thing sound mysterious and fascinating. I asked him what, apart from the obvious financial inducement, had led him to devote himself to the affairs of a small firm, and how it had felt for the former boss of TVA and AEC to be, in effect, peddling at a pull-gite, kaolin, limestone, and speedy dry.
利连塔尔靠在椅子上，凝视着天花板。“我想要一次创业经历，”他说，“我对从一家小而衰败的公司着手，并努力将其发展壮大的想法颇感兴趣。建设。这种建设，我认为，是美国自由企业的核心，也是我在政府工作中所缺失的。我想亲自试试看。”至于感受如何，“嗯，感觉很刺激，充满了智力上的启发，许多旧有的想法都改变了。我对金融家产生了新的尊重，像安德烈·梅耶这样的人。他们有一种正确性和高尚的荣誉感，是我以前从未想到的。我发现商业生活充满了有创造力、富有独创性的头脑，当然也有那些事后诸葛亮的人。此外，我觉得经商的生活很有吸引力。事实上，我有成为其奴隶的危险。”
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Lillienthal leaned back in his chair and stared at the ceiling. I wanted an entrepreneurial experience, he said. I found a great appeal in the idea of taking a small and quite crippled company and trying to make something of it. Building. That kind of building, I thought, is the central thing in American free enterprise, and something I'd missed in all my government work. I wanted to try my hand at it. Now, about how it felt. Well, it felt plenty exciting. It was full of intellectual stimulation, and a lot of my old ideas changed. I conceived a great new respect for financiers, men like Andre Meyer. There's a correctness about them, a certain high sense of honor, that I'd never had any conception of. I found that business life is full of creative, original minds, along with the usual number of second-guessers, of course. Furthermore, I found it seductive. In fact, I was in danger of becoming a slave.
商业有其吞噬人的一面，其中一部分就是它如此吸引人。我发现，正如你所读到的那样，如果不小心，仅仅为了积累金钱而积累金钱，可能会成为一种上瘾，这是真的。有几位好朋友帮助我保持在正确的轨道上。像费迪南德·埃弗施塔特这样的人，在Atapolgus合并后成为我的共同董事，还有内森·格林，他是Lazard Freire的特别顾问，也曾在董事会任职一段时间。对我来说，格林就像是一位商业上的精神导师。我记得他说过，你以为你能赚够钱然后独立自主。但是我的朋友，在华尔街，你不可能一蹴而就地获得独立。借用托马斯·杰斐逊的话，你必须每天重新赢得自己的独立。我发现他说的很对。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Business has its man-eating side, and part of the man-eating side is that it's so absorbing. I found that the things you read, for instance, that acquiring money for its own sake, can become an addiction if you're not careful, are literally true. Certain good friends helped keep me on the track. Men like Ferdinand Everstadt, who became my fellow director after the Atapolgus merger, and Nathan Green, special counsel to Lazard Freire, who was on the board for a while. Green was a kind of business father-confessor to me. I remember he's saying, you think you'll make your pile and then be independent. My friend, in Wall Street, you don't just win your independence at one stroke. To paraphrase Thomas Jefferson, you have to win your independence over, again, every day. I found that he was right about that.
哦，我有我的问题。我在每一步都在质疑自己，这让我感到筋疲力尽。你看，长期以来，我一直与两个相当重要的事物——两家机构联系在一起。我对它们有一种身份认同，而那种工作方式，你会丧失自我认知。现在，我需要担心自己的问题，包括个人标准和财务前途，我总是怀疑自己是否在做正确的决定。但这些都记录在我的日记里，如果你愿意，你可以在那里读到。莉莉安·塔尔的这部分日记最终在1966年出版。我表示很想读一读，于是莉莉安·塔尔带我去了地下室的书房。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Oh, I had my problems. I questioned myself at every step. It was exhausting. You see, for so long, I'd been associated with two pretty far-reaching things—institutions. I had a feeling of identity with them, and that kind of work, you are able to lose your sense of self. Now, with myself to worry about, my personal standards as well as my financial future, I found myself wondering all the time whether I was making the right move. But that part's all in my journal, and you can read it there if you like. This part of Lillian Thal's journal was eventually published in 1966. I said I certainly would like to read it, and Lillian Thal led me to a study in the basement.
这是一间大小合适的房间，窗户朝向内井，窗井中垂下了长长的常春藤。光线从外面射入，甚至还有些许斜射的阳光。但窗井的顶端太高，因此无法看到花园或邻居的景色。莉莲·萨尔说：“‘我的邻居罗伯特·奥本海默，当他第一次看到这间屋子时，就抱怨这里让人感到封闭。我告诉他，这正是我想要的感觉。’然后，他向我展示了角落里的一个文件柜，里面整齐排列着一排排可更换活页纸的笔记本，最早可以追溯到作者的中学时代。在邀请我随意参观后，莉莲·萨尔独自离开书房，上楼去了。我按照他说的，绕着房间走了几圈，看看墙上的照片，发现了一些预料中的东西。"
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
It proved to be a good-sized room whose windows opened on window wells into which strands of ivy were trailing. Light came in from outside, and even a little slanting sunshine. But the tops of the window wells were too high to permit a view of the garden or the neighborhood. Lillian Thal remarked, "'My neighbor, Robert Oppenheimer, complained about the enclosed feeling when he first saw this room. I told him that was just the feeling I wanted.' Then he showed me a filing cabinet, standing in a corner. It contained the journal, in rows and rows of loose-leaf notebooks, the earliest of them dating back to its author's high school days. Having invited me to make myself at home, Lillian Thal left me alone in his study and went back upstairs. Taking him at his word, I went for a turn or two around the room, looking at the pictures on the walls, and finding about what might have been expected.
题为《富兰克林·D·罗斯福、哈里·S·杜鲁门、参议员乔治·诺里斯、路易斯·布兰代斯等人的题词照片，以及莉莲·萨尔与罗斯福、威尔基、菲瑞洛·拉瓜迪亚、尼尔森·洛克菲勒、印度的尼赫鲁合影，还有在田纳西河谷由TVA发电厂供电的电力灯火辉煌下兴建中的丰塔纳大坝的夜景。一名男子的书房反映了他在公众面前希望呈现的形象，而他的日记，如果他坦诚的话，则反映了另一种真实。我在翻阅莉莲·萨尔的日记时，很快意识到这是份不同寻常的文件，不仅是极具历史意义的资料，更是对一个公众人物思想与情感进行深刻探究的记录。》
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Inscribed photographs from Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Senator George Norris, Louis Brandeis, pictures of Lillian Thal with Roosevelt, with Wilkie, with Fierrello LaGuardia, with Nelson Rockefeller, with Nehru in India, a night view of the Fontana Dam in the Tennessee Valley being built under a blaze of electricity supplied by TVA power plants. A man's study reflects himself as he wishes to be seen publicly, but his journal, if he is honest, reflects something else. I had not browsed long in Lillian Thal's journal before I realized that it was an extraordinary document, not merely a historical source of unusual interest, but a searching record of a public man's thoughts and emotions.
我翻阅了他多年来与矿物和化学品相关的记录，在这些记录中，还夹杂了很多关于家庭、民主政治、朋友、海外旅行，以及对国家政策的思考和对共和国的希望与担忧。我发现了以下关于他在纽约的商业和生活的内容。1951年5月24日，他写道，好像我要以一种小规模的方式进入矿物行业，而这种方式可能会发展成大规模的。他接着解释说，他刚刚与格雷戈里博士进行了第一次面谈，并且显然被这位老人接受为公司的新总裁。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
I leafed through the years of his association with minerals and chemicals, and scattered amid much about family, democratic politics, friends, trips abroad, reflections on national policies and hopes and fears for the Republic, I came upon the following entries, having to do with business and life in New York. May 24, 1951 Looks as if I am in the minerals business in a small way that could become a big way. He goes on to explain that he has just had his first interview with Dr. Gregory and is apparently acceptable to the old man as the new president of the company.
1951年5月31日
开始做生意就像生了一场大病后学走路。一开始，你需要思考：移动右脚，再移动左脚，依此类推。后来你就可以不用思考就开始走路，最后，走路成为一种下意识的动作，充满信心。这样自信的状态在生意中还没有完全达到，但今天我初次感受到了这种状态。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
May 31, 1951 Starting in business is like learning to walk after a long illness. At first, you have to think. Move the right foot, move the left foot, etc. Then you are walking without thinking, and then walking is something one does with unconsciousness and utter confidence. This latter state has to business has yet to come, but I had the first touch of it today.
1951年7月22日，我记得多年前温德尔·威尔基对我说过，在纽约生活是一次很棒的体验。我不会想住在其他地方，这里是世界上最令人兴奋、充满刺激和满足的地方等等。我想这可能是因为我出差去纽约时说过，我很高兴不必住在那个充满喧嚣和污垢的疯人院。但上周四，我也分享到了威尔基的一些感受。那个地方带着一种宏伟和冒险的气息，让人有一种身处巨大成就中心的感觉，这就是50年代的纽约市。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
July 22, 1951 I recall Wendell Wilkie saying to me years ago, living in New York is a great experience. I wouldn't live anywhere else. It is the most exciting, stimulating, satisfying spot in the world, etc. I think this was apropos of some remark I had made on a business visit to New York that I was certainly glad I didn't have to live in that madhouse of noise and dirt. Last Thursday was a day in which I shared some of Wilkie's feeling. There was a grandeur about the place and adventure, a sense of being in the center of a great achievement, New York City in the 50s.
1951年10月28日
或许我在追求的是鱼和熊掌兼得。然而，从某种意义上说，这并非完全无稽或徒劳。也就是说，我可以在商务事务中保持足够的实际接触，以维持或培养一种现实感。否则，我如何解释我参观铜矿时的乐趣？我们谈论电炉的操作人员、煤炭研究项目，或观察安德烈·梅耶工作的方式。但与此同时，我希望自己有足够的自由去思考这些事物的意义，有足够的自由去阅读超出直接兴趣领域的书籍。这要求我不追逐地位，虽然我知道缺乏地位让我有种隐约的不快。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
October 28, 1951 What I am reaching for, perhaps, is to have my cake and eat it too. But in a way this is not wholly senseless nor futile. That is, I can have enough actual contact with the affairs of business to keep a sense of reality or develop one. How otherwise can I explain the pleasure I get in visiting a copper mine? We're talking to operators of an electric furnace, or coal research project, or watching how Andre Meyer works. But along with that, I want to be free enough to think about what these things mean, free enough to read outside the immediate field of interest. This requires keeping out of status, the absence of which I know makes me vaguely unhappy.
1952年12月8日 投资银行家究竟是如何赚到他们的钱呢？嗯，我确实开了眼界，了解了他们需要经历大量的辛勤工作、汗水、挫折、问题，甚至是泪水。如果市场上每个有东西要卖的人，都必须像那些根据证券法提供股票的人那样，在陈述自己所卖东西时如此细致入微，那么能卖出去的东西恐怕就很少了，而至少会花费很长时间。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
December 8, 1952 What is it that investment bankers do for their money? Well, I have certainly had my eyes opened as to the amount of toil, sweat, frustrations, problems, yes and tears that has to be gone through. If everyone, who has something to sell in the market, had to be as meticulous and detailed in his statements about what he is selling as those who offer stock in the market are now under the truth in securities law, darn little would be sold and time to be useful at least.
1952年12月20日
我参与这个阿塔普尔加斯计划的目的，是希望能够在短时间内通过可观的资本收益赚取大量金钱，从而保住本金的四分之三，而不是缴纳80%甚至更多的所得税。此外，我也希望能获得一些商业方面的经验。真正的原因，或者说主要的原因，是我觉得在这样一个商业至上的时代，如果没有真正参与过商业活动，我的生活将是不完整的。我想成为这个令人着迷的活动的观察者，而不只是一个身处外部的作家或教师，而是深入到这个领域内部进行观察。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
December 20, 1952 My purpose in this atapulgas venture is to make a good deal of money in a short time, in a way, i.e. old man capital gains, that enables me to keep three-fourths of it, instead of paying 80% or more in income taxes. But there is another purpose, to have had the experience of business. The real reason, or the chief reason, is a feeling that my life wouldn't be complete, living in a business period that is, a time dominated by the business of business, unless I had been active in that area. What I wanted was to be an observer of this fascinating activity that so colors and affects the world's life, not an observer from without as a writer or teacher, but from the arena itself.
我仍然有这种感觉，当我情绪低落，甚至想到放弃一切时（这种情况时有发生），让我坚持下去的一点是，即使是事业中的坎坷和不顺都是实际的经历。再者，我希望能够将商界管理者的精神状态、紧张压力、动机等，与政府中的情况进行比较。这是我一直在做的事情，为了更好地理解政府或商业，两者的比较是非常有必要的。这需要在商业领域中获取一些和我在政府事务中的长时间从业经历相当的实际、有效的经验。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
I still have this feeling, and when I get low and glad to chuck the whole thing, as I have from time to time, the sustaining part is that even the bumps and sore spots are experiences, actual experiences within the business world. Then too, I wanted to be able to make a comparison of the managers of business, the spirit, the tensions, the motivations, etc. with those of government, something I keep doing anyway, and that needs doing to understand either government or business. This requires actual valid experience in the business world somewhat comparable to my long hiring out in government matters.
我从不自欺欺人地认为自己会被接受为一名商人，特别是在田纳西河谷以外的地方，人们多年来都对我抱有偏见。相比以前见到大亨或华尔街业内人士时的那种防御性（通常表现为好斗），我现在对此倒是感到轻松些。如今，我和他们生活在一起。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
I don't kid myself that I will ever be accepted as a businessman, not after those long years when I wore horns for all of them outside the Tennessee Valley at least, and I feel less defensive, usually shown by belligerents, on this score than I did when I really saw a tycoon, or a wall-streeter. Whereas now I live with them.
1953年1月18日。我现在明确承诺将至少在接下来的三年内致力于矿物和化学品行业，并有道义上的责任完成这项事业。尽管我无法想象这项业务本身足以构成满意的人生，但繁忙的工作、各种活动、处理危机、冒险、管理问题及对人的判断等，综合起来使得这一切远非无聊。此外，还有赚不少钱的好机会。我当初决定尝试这项许多人觉得有些浪漫幻想的商业，如今看来比一年前更有意义。但总觉得缺了点什么。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
January 18, 1953. I am now definitely committed to minerals and chemicals for not less than three more years, and morally committed to see the thing through. While I can't conceive that this business will ever seem enough, in end of itself, to make up a satisfactory life, yet the busyness, the activity, the crises, the gambles, the management problems I must face, the judgment about people, all combined to make something far from dull, add to this the good chance of making a good deal of money. My decision to try business that seemed to so many people a bit of romantic moonshine makes more sense today than it did a year ago. But there is something missing.
1953年12月2日，杜邦公司的总裁克劳福德·格林沃尔特在费城的一次演讲中介绍了我。他提到，我进入了化工行业，并指出我之前领导过美国最大的事务，比任何私人公司还要大。他自然有点紧张，因为我可能会成为一个潜在的竞争对手。这是开玩笑，但也是个不错的玩笑，确实让小小的Adapolgus引起了不小的关注。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
December 2, 1953. Crawford Greenwalt, President of DuPont, introduced me in a speech in Philadelphia. He noted that I had entered the chemical business, bearing in mind that I had previously headed the biggest things in America, bigger than any private corporations. He was naturally a little nervous about seeing me become a potential competitor. It was kidding, but it was good kidding, and it certainly gave little old Adapolgus quite a notice.
1954年6月30日。我在商业生涯中找到了新的满足感，并在某种意义上实现了自我价值。我以前从未觉得做顾问是在做生意，或是真正参与商业生活，这种角色太过偏离实际的思考过程、判断和决策。在我们正在发展的这家公司中，有太多有趣的元素。从几乎一无所有开始，公司完全依赖专利，然后进行收购、合并、股票发行、代理声明，以及通过内部融资和银行贷款的方式来筹集资金。还有，股票价格的确定过程。成年人基于一些幼稚甚至像孩子般的理由决定某种股票是否应该购买，以及购买的价格？与埃德加的合并，他们股票价格随之大幅上涨，对价格结构的审视，更好的成本开始显现，催化剂的创意，驱动力、活力和想象力，夜以继日地在实验室里工作到凌晨两点，最终，一个新业务的启动。这真是一个精彩的故事。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
June 30, 1954. I have found a new kind of satisfaction, and in a sense, fulfillment, in a business career. I really never felt that the consultant thing was being a businessman, or engaging in the realities of a life of business, to remote from the actual thinking process, the exercise of judgment and decision. In this company, as we are evolving it, there are so many of the elements of fun. The starting with almost nothing. The company, depending on patents alone, acquisition, mergers, stock issues, proxy statements, the methods of financing internally and by bank loans. Also, the way stock prices are made. The silly and almost childlike basis upon which grown men decide that a stock should be bought, and at what price? The merger with Edgar, the great subsequent rise in the price of their stock, the review of the price structure, the beginning of better costs, the catalyst idea, the drive and energy and imagination, the nights and days in the lab until 2 AM night after night, and finally, the beginning of a new business. It is quite a story.
后来，我通过和纳撒尼尔·格林交谈，对莉莲·索的反应有了不同的观点，他称纳撒尼尔·格林为他的商业顾问。格林问我：“从高层政府工作转到华尔街做顾问的人，会遇到什么情况？”通常，这种转变会让人感到失落。在政府里，戴夫习惯了拥有巨大的权威和影响力，承担着极大的国家和国际责任。人们希望被看见和他在一起，外国政要们争相见他。他拥有各种资源，桌子上有一排按钮，一按就有律师、技术人员、会计师前来听命于他。不错。现在他来到华尔街，受到盛大的欢迎会，他认识了新公司的所有合伙人和他们的妻子，也被分配到一间铺有地毯的办公室。但桌子上却空空如也，只有一个按钮，按钮按下去来的只是一名秘书。他也没有像政府工作时那样的便利条件，比如专车。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Later, I got a rather different perspective on Lillian Thaw's reactions to the transition from government to business by talking to the man he had described as his business father confessor, Nathan Green. What happens to a man who leaves top-level government work and comes to Wall Street as a consultant? Green asked me rhetorically. Well, usually it's a big letdown. In the government, Dave was used to a sense of great authority and power, tremendous national and international responsibility. People wanted to be seen with him. Foreign dignitaries sought him out. He had all sorts of facilities, rows of buttons on his desk. He pushed them and lawyers, technicians, accountants appeared to do his bidding. Alright. Now he comes to Wall Street. There's a big welcoming reception. He meets all the partners of his new firm and their wives. He's given a nice office with a carpet. But there's nothing on his desk. Only one button. In all its summons is a secretary. He doesn't have percocits like limousines.
此外，他实际上没有什么责任。他对自己说，我是个有创意的人，我得有一些想法。他确实有一些想法，但合伙人并不太重视它们。所以他的新工作在外形上令人失望，内容也是如此。在华盛顿的时候，他从事的是自然资源开发、原子能之类震撼世界的项目。现在，却变成了一个为了挣钱的小生意。这一切看起来有点微不足道。还有关于钱的问题。在政府工作时，我们这个假想中的人并不那么需要金钱，因为他享受着各种服务和基本的生活舒适，而无需自己花钱。除此之外，他还有一种很强的道德优越感。他能够轻蔑地看待那些为了赚钱而奔波的人。他可以想象自己法学院的同学赚了很多钱并说，他出卖了自己。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Furthermore, he really has no responsibility. He says to himself, I'm an idea man. I've got to have some ideas. He has some. But they're not given much attention by the partners. So the outward form of his new work is a letdown. The same with its content. In Washington, it had been development of natural resources, atomic energy or the like, world shaking things. Now it turns out to be some little business to make money. It all seems a bit petty. Then there's the matter of the money itself. In the government, our hypothetical man didn't need it so badly. He had all these services and the basic comforts supplied to him at no personal cost. And besides, he had a great sense of moral superiority. He was able to sneer at people who were out and making money. He could think of somebody in his law school class who was making a pile in the street and say, he's sold out.
然后我们的人离开政府，自己去华尔街享乐场所。他说，我要让他们为我的服务付出代价。结果他们确实也付了。他通过咨询赚取了高额费用。然而，他发现自己面对高额的所得税，他必须将大部分收入交给政府，而不是从政府那里获得生计。情况发生了逆转。他可能，有时也确实开始大喊“这就是掠夺”，就像任何一个华尔街人士。戴夫是如何应对这些问题的呢？毕竟，他也有困难，因为他正在开始一种新的人生。但是，他处理得相当不错。他从来没有感到无聊过，也从来没有喊过“掠夺”。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Then our man leaves government and goes to the Wall Street fleshpots himself. And he says, boy, am I going to make these guys pay for my services. They do pay too. He gets big fees for consulting. Then he finds out about big income taxes. How he has to pay most of his income to the government now instead of getting his livelihood from it. The shoe is on the other foot. He may, sometimes he does, begin to scream, confiscation, just like any old Wall Street her. How did Dave handle these problems? Well, he had his troubles, after all. He was starting a second sort of life. But he handled them just about as well as they can be handled. He was never bored, and he never screamed, confiscation.
他非常擅长全身心投入到某件事情中。对他来说，做什么并不那么重要，就好像他能让自己相信，无论事情本身是否重要，只要是自己在做，就很重要。他的这种能力对矿产和化工行业来说非常宝贵，而且不仅仅是因为他是个出色的管理者。毕竟，戴夫是一名律师。他懂得的企业财务知识比他愿意承认的要多。而且，他享受一种像“赤脚小子”般的简单生活，但他绝不是个简单的人物。戴夫几乎是一个完美的例子，他在华尔街发了财，但依然保持了独立性。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
He has a great capacity for sinking himself in something. The subject matter isn't so important to him. It's almost as if he were able to think that what he's doing is important, whether it is or not, simply because he's doing it. His ability was invaluable to minerals and chemicals, and not just as an administrator. Dave is a lawyer, after all. He knows more about corporate finances than he likes to admit. He enjoys playing the barefoot boy. But he's hardly that. Dave is an almost perfect example of somebody who kept his independence while getting rich on Wall Street.
总而言之，阅读日记中这些矛盾的表白以及后来听到的绿色声音时，我似乎在那种热情和投入之下感受到一种挥之不去的不满，几乎是一种妥协。对利连塔尔来说，这种新体验的真正兴奋，尽管几乎难以想象的有利可图，但我感到其中含着一丝潜藏的问题。我回到客厅，看到利连塔尔仰面躺在国王的地毯上，被一堆学龄前儿童堆覆盖。起初我以为那是一堆孩子，但仔细一看才发现其实就只有两个男孩。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
One way and another then, reading through these ambivalent protestations in the journal and later hearing green, I seemed to detect under the exuberance and the absorption a nagging sense of dissatisfaction, almost of compromise. For Lilienthal, the obviously genuine thrill of having a new kind of experience, and an almost unimaginably profitable one, had been, I sensed, arose with a worm in it. I went back up to the living room. There I found Lilienthal flat on his back on the Shah's rug underneath a pile of preschool aged children. At least, it looked at first glance like a pile. On closer inspection I found that it consisted of just two boys.
莉莲塔尔太太刚从花园回来，她把那两个人介绍为艾伦和丹尼尔·布隆伯格，他们是莉莲塔尔的女儿南希和西尔万·布隆伯格的儿子。莉莲塔尔太太补充说，布隆伯格一家住在附近，因为西尔万在大学教哲学。几周后，布隆伯格前往芝加哥大学任教。莉莲塔尔家的另一个孩子，大卫·小莉莲塔尔，住在马萨诸塞州的埃奇顿，他在那里安定下来成为一名作家，并成功地走上了这条道路。在长辈莉莲塔尔的催促下，小孙子们从爷爷身上爬下来，离开了房间。等一切恢复正常后，我告诉莉莲塔尔我对日记中所读内容的反应，他犹豫了一会儿才开口说话。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Mrs. Lilienthal, who had returned from the garden, introduced them as Alan and Daniel Bromberger, sons of the Lilienthal's daughter Nancy and Sylvan Bromberger, adding that the Bromberger's were living nearby, since Sylvan was teaching philosophy at the university. A few weeks later, Bromberger moved on to the University of Chicago. The Lilienthal's only other offspring, David Jr., lived in Edgerton, Massachusetts, where he had settled down to become a writer, as he subsequently did. In response to the urging of the senior at Lilienthal's, the grandchildren climbed off their grandfather and disappeared from the room. When things were normal again, I told Lilienthal my reaction to the entries I had read in the journal, and he hesitated for a while before speaking.
“是的，”他最后说道。“有一件事，那就是赚那么多钱并没有让我感到特别担忧。这本身既没有让我感到很好，也没有让我感到不好。在政府工作那些年，我们总是按时支付账单，靠着节俭还能省下一些钱送孩子们上大学。我们从没怎么关注过钱的事。后来，赚了很多钱，赚到了一百万，当然让我感到惊讶。不过，我并没有特别追求这个目标，也没想过会发生在我身上。这感觉就像小时候试着跳六英尺，发现自己能跳那么高的时候，你会说，‘哦，那又怎么样？’这好像没多大关系。”
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yes, he said finally. Well, one thing, it wasn't making all that money that worried me. That didn't make me feel either good or bad by itself. In the government years, we'd always paid our bills, and by scrimping we'd been able to save enough to send the kids to college. We'd never thought much about money. And then, making a lot of it, making a million, I was surprised, of course. I'd never especially aimed at that or thought it might happen to me. It's like, when you're a boy and you try to jump six feet, then you find you can jump six feet and you say, well, so what? It's sort of irrelevant.
在过去的几年里，很多人问我，成为富人是什么感觉？刚开始，我有点不高兴，因为这个问题似乎隐含着某种批评。不过我现在已经不在意了。我告诉他们，并没有什么特别的感觉。我的感觉是这样的，不过这听起来可能有点严肃。不，我不觉得这严肃，Lilienthal太太说，她预测到了接下来的话。Lilienthal说：是的，不过我还是要说。我觉得只要钱够用就可以，钱并没有太大区别。我不太同意，Lilienthal太太说。年轻的时候区别不大，只要能勉强过得去就行，但随着年龄增长，钱会变得有用。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Over the past few years, a lot of people have said to me, how does it feel to be rich? At first, I was kind of offended. There seemed to be an implied criticism in the question. But I'm over that. I tell them it doesn't feel any special way. The way I feel is, but this is going to sound stuffy. No, I don't think it's stuffy, said Mrs. Lilienthal, anticipating what was coming. Yes, it is. But I'm going to say it anyway, said Lilienthal. I don't think money makes much difference as long as you have enough. I don't quite agree, said Mrs. Lilienthal. It doesn't make much difference when you're young. You don't mind then, as long as you can struggle along, but as you get older it is helpful.
利连塔尔点头表示赞同。然后他说，他认为我在杂志中注意到的不满情绪，至少部分来源于他在私营企业工作的经历。虽然他在事业上取得了一些成就，但这种工作并没有带来像从事公共服务工作那样的满足感。诚然，他并未完全失去这种满足感，因为在1954年，他的矿产和化学品业务正如日中天时，他首次去到了哥伦比亚。应该国政府的请求，他以每年一比索的象征性酬劳担任顾问，启动了后来由发展与资源公司继续开展的卡尔考谷项目。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Lilienthal nodded in difference to that. Then he said that he thought the undertone of dissatisfaction I had noticed in the journal probably stemmed, at least in part, from the fact that his career in private business, absorbing that what was, did not bring with it the gratifications of public service work. True, he had not been deprived of them entirely because it was at the height of his minerals and chemicals operations in 1954 that he first went to Columbia. At the request of that country's government, and serving as a peso a year consultant, started the Kalkau Valley project that was later continued by the Development and Resources Corporation.
在大多数情况下，作为矿产和化工行业的高管使他大部分时间都被束缚住了。他不得不把哥伦比亚大学的工作视作副业，或者仅仅是个爱好。我发现很难不去看到这样一个象征意义的事实：Lilienthal这位商人主要从事的材料是粘土。当时，我想到Lilienthal生活中的另一件事，可能让他在成为成功商人的过程中失去了一些乐趣。他的重要商业书籍也许是在他忙于矿产和化工工作时发布的。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
But for the most part, being a top officer of minerals and chemicals had kept him pretty well tied down, and he'd had to regard the Columbia work as a sideline, if not merely a hobby. I found it impossible to avoid seeing symbolic significance in the fact that the principal material with which Lilienthal, the businessman, had been engaged, was clay. I thought of something else in Lilienthal's life at that time that might have taken some of the kick out of the process of becoming a successful businessman. His big business book could come out when he was in the thick of the minerals and chemicals work.
我想知道，这本书是否因为极力赞美自由企业而被一些人视为他新职业的合理化，我就这个问题进行了询问。利连萨尔夫人有些冷淡地说，这本书中的观点确实让一些我丈夫的新政朋友大吃一惊。他们需要被震撼一下，真该死，利连萨尔情绪激动地说道。我想起他日志中的一句话，用在完全不同的背景下，但仍然是指他的内心状态，即以好斗的态度来掩饰不安。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
I wondered whether, since it is such an uncritical peon to free enterprise, it had been construed by some people as a rationalization of his new career, and I asked about this. Well the ideas in the book were rather a shock to some of my husband's New Deal friends alright, Mrs. Lilienthal said a bit dryly. They needed shocking, damn it, Lilienthal burst out. He spoke with some heat, and I thought of the phrase in his journal. Use there in an entirely different context, but still in reference to himself, about defensiveness shown by belligerence.
过了一会儿，他用正常的语气继续说道。我妻子和女儿觉得我没花足够的时间在这本书上，她们是对的。我写得太匆忙了。我的结论没有足够的论据支持。例如，我应该更详细地说明我反对反垄断法的执行方式。但问题并不在于反垄断部分。真正让我的一些老朋友感到震惊的是我关于大工业与个人主义、机器与美学之间关系的观点。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
After a moment he went on in a normal tone. My wife and daughter thought I didn't spend enough time working on the book, and they were right. I wrote it in too much of a hurry. My conclusions aren't supported by enough argument. For one thing, I should have spelled out in more detail my opposition to the way the antitrust laws are administered. But the antitrust part wasn't the real trouble. The thing that really shook up some of my old friends was what I said about big industry in relation to individualism, and about the machine in relation to aesthetics.
莫里斯·库克曾是农村电气化管理局的行政官员，他是一个被震惊到的人。他对我的书提出了严厉批评，而我也回击了他。反大型企业的教条主义者与我断绝了来往，他们干脆把我排除在外。我并没有感到受伤或失望。那些人活在怀旧的情感中，他们总是看向过去，而我努力向前看。当然，还有一些信托解散者，他们确实对我展开了猛烈攻击。但难道专注于解散大公司仅仅因为它们规模大，不是一种过时的做法吗？是的，我仍然认为我在书中说的主要观点是正确的，可能我的观点有些超前，但仍是对的。麻烦出在时间上，莉兰瑟太太说。那本书发表时正好赶上我丈夫离开公共服务部门并进入私营企业。一些人认为这代表了一种因权宜之计而改变的观点，但事实并非如此。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Morris Cook, who used to be administrator of the Rural Electrification Administration, he was one who was shaken up. He took me apart over the book, and I took him apart back. The anti-bigness dogmatists stopped having anything to do with me. They simply wrote me off. I wasn't hurt or disappointed. Those people are living on nostalgia. They look backward, and I try to look forward. Then of course there were the trust busters. They really went after me. But isn't trust busting? In a sense of breaking up big companies simply because they're big, pretty much a relic of a past era? Yes, I still think I was right in the main things I said, perhaps ahead of my time, but right. The trouble was the timing, Mrs. Lillanthall said. The book came so close to coinciding with my husband's leaving public service and going into private business. Some people thought it represented a change in point of view induced by expediency. Which it didn't.
“不是的，”里兰萨尔说，“这本书主要是在1952年写的。但是，书中所有的想法都是我在公共服务期间萌生的。比如，我认为庞大是国家安全的关键，这个想法很大程度上源于我在原子能委员会（AEC）的经历。举个例子，拥有研究和制造设施，能够把原子弹变成一种实用武器的公司——具体来说，是贝尔电话公司——就是一个大公司。因为它如此庞大，以至于司法部的反垄断部门试图将贝尔系统拆分成几个部分。结果没有成功，而就在我们在AEC要求其完成一项需要统一协作的重要国防任务时，这样的拆分行为显得不妥。”
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
No, Lillanthall said. The book was written mostly in 1952. But all the ideas in it were hatched while I was still in public service. For example, my idea that bigness is essential for national security came in large part out of my experiences in the AEC. The company that had the research and manufacturing facilities to make the atomic bomb an operational weapon so engineered that it wouldn't require PhDs to use it in the field, Bell Telephone to be specific, was a big company. Because it was so big, the antitrust division of the Department of Justice was seeking to break the Bell System into several parts. Unsuccessful, as it turned out, at the very time we in the AEC were calling on it to do a vital defense job that required unity. That seemed wrong.
更广泛地说，我在书中表达的观点可以追溯到我与亚瑟·摩根的争论，他是20世纪30年代初田纳西河谷管理局（TVA）的首任主席。他对手工经济有很大的信心，而我则支持大规模工业。毕竟，TVA是自由世界中最大的电力系统。在TVA，我一直相信大规模，同时也支持去中心化。但你知道，我希望引起最多讨论的章节是关于“大规模能够促进个人主义”的那一章。它确实引发了一些讨论。我记得那些人大多是学术界的人，他们满脸疑惑地走到我面前，问我类似“你真的相信吗？”的问题。我的回答通常会从“是的，我真的相信”开始。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
More generally, the whole point of view I expressed in the book goes way back to my quarrel with Arthur Morgan, the first TVA chairman in the early thirties. He had great faith in a handicraft economy. I was for large-scale industry. TVA, after all, was and is the biggest power system in the free world. In TVA, I always believed in bigness, along with decentralization. But you know, the chapter I hoped would produce the most discussion was the one on bigness as a promoter of individualism. It did produce discussion of a sort. I remember people, academic people, mostly, coming up to me with incredulous expressions and saying something that started with, do you really believe? Well, my answer would start with, yes, I really do believe.
莉莲·萨尔在创造华尔街财富的过程中，可能曾对一件令人感慨的事情产生过疑问：他并不需要大声疾呼财产被没收，因为他是通过一种税收漏洞——股票期权，积累了财富。也许有一些持自由改革主义立场的商人基于原则拒绝接受股票期权，但我从未听说过有人这样做。而且我不认为这种拒绝会是明智或有用的抗议形式。无论如何，我没有就此事询问莉莲·萨尔。由于缺乏统一的新闻准则，每个记者都有自己的标准，而在我的准则中，这样的问题几乎接近于对道德隐私的侵犯。然而事后回想起来，我几乎希望那一次我能打破自己的准则。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
One other touching matter that Lillian Thal may have questioned himself about in the process of making his Wall Street fortune was the fact that in making it he had not really needed to scream confiscation, since he had made it through a tax loophole, the stock option. Possibly, there have been liberal reformist businessmen who have refused to accept stock options on principle, although I have never heard of one doing so. And I am not convinced that such a renunciation would be a sensible or useful form of protest. In any event, I didn't ask Lillian Thal about the matter. In the absence of any accepted code of journalism, every journalist writes his own and in mind such a question would have come close to invasion of moral privacy. In retrospect, though, I almost wish I had violated my code that one time.
莉莲·萨尔，作为莉莲·萨尔，可能会强烈反对这个问题，但我想他也会同样坚决地回答这个问题而不回避。在他讨论完关于他那本书《大企业》的批评意见后，他站起来走到窗边。我看到多米尼克对他的玫瑰修剪得相当谨慎，他对妻子说道。也许我稍后会出去再修剪一些。他的下巴紧绷，让我确信我知道这场关于玫瑰修剪的争议将如何解决。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Lillian Thal, being Lillian Thal, might have objected to the question strenuously, but I think he would have answered it equally strenuously and without hedging. As things were, after discoursing on critical reactions to his book, Big Business, he got up and walked to a window. I see Dominic has been pretty cautious about his rose pruning, he said to his wife. Maybe I'll go out later and cut them back some more. His jaw was set in a way that made me feel pretty sure I knew how the rose pruning controversy was going to be resolved.
解决莉莲·萨尔问题的最终成功方案，也就是他如何既能“鱼和熊掌兼得”的方法，就是成立一家开发与资源公司。这家公司是在1955年春天，莉莲·萨尔与梅耶的一系列对话中逐步成型的。在交谈中，莉莲·萨尔指出，他与许多曾访问田纳西流域管理局的外国政要和技术人员相熟，并说他们对这个项目表现出的浓厚兴趣，似乎表明他们所在的国家中，至少有一部分可能会接受启动类似项目的想法。莉莲·萨尔告诉我，我们成立开发与资源公司(DNR)的目标并不是要重塑世界或其一大部分，而仅仅是尝试帮助实现一些相对具体的事情，同时顺便赚取利润。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The triumphant solution to Lillian Thal's problem, the way that he eventually found to have his cake and eat it, was the development and resources corporation. The corporation arose out of a series of conversations between Lillian Thal and Meyer during the spring of 1955, in the course of which Lillian Thal pointed out that he was well acquainted with dozens of foreign dignitaries and technical personnel who had come to visit the TVA and said that their intense interest in that project seemed to indicate that at least some of their countries would be receptive to the idea of starting similar programs. Our aim in forming DNR was not to try to remold the world or any large part of it, but only to try to help accomplish some rather specific things and incidentally make a profit, Lillian Thal told me.
安德烈对盈利不是很确定，我们都知道一开始会有亏损，但他喜欢做一些有建设性的事情。拉扎尔·弗雷雷决定支持我们，以换取公司的一半股份。克莱普当时担任纽约市副行政官，作为联合创始人加入了这个风险项目，之后的人事任命几乎让公司成为了“TVA校友会”。约翰·奥利弗成为执行副总裁，他曾在1942年至1954年期间在TVA工作，最后担任总经理。W.L.沃尔德温成为工程总监，他在TVA工作了十年，负责规划整个水坝系统。沃尔顿·西摩尔成为工业发展副总裁，他曾在TVA担任电力市场顾问长达13年，另外还有十几名前TVA成员分散在公司各个职位。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Andre was not so sure about the profit, we both knew there would be a deficit at first, but he liked the idea of doing constructive things, and Lazar Freire decided to back us in return for a half interest in the corporation. Clap, who was serving at the time as Deputy New York City Administrator, came in as co-founder of the Venture and the subsequent Executive Appointments Made DNR virtually a TVA Alumni Association. John Oliver, who became Executive Vice President, had been with TVA from 1942 to 1954, ending up as its General Manager. W. L. Vordween, who became Director of Engineering, had been with TVA for a decade and had planned its whole system of dams. Walton Seymour, who became Vice President for Industrial Development, had been a TVA consultant on electric power marketing for 13 years, and a dozen other former TVA men were scattered on down through the ranks.
1955年7月，DNR在华尔街44号开设了办公室，开始寻找客户。事实证明，其最重要的客户是在同年9月Lillianthal及其妻子参加的伊斯坦布尔世界银行会议上显露出来的。在会议上，Lillianthal遇到了时任伊朗七年发展计划负责人的Abu Hassan Ebtehaj。碰巧的是，伊朗几乎是DNR的理想客户，因为其国有化石油产业的版税为其提供了相当多的资金，以支付发展资源的费用。此外，伊朗迫切需要的是技术和专业方面的指导。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In July 1955, DNR set up shop at 44 Wall and set to work finding clients. What was to prove its most important one came to light during a World Bank meeting in Istanbul that Lillianthal and his wife attended in September of that year. At the meeting, Lillianthal fell in with Abu Hassan Ebtehaj, then head of a seven-year development plan in Iran. As it happened, Iran was just about the ideal DNR client, since for one thing, the royalties on its nationalized oil industry gave it considerable capital with which to pay for the development of its resources. And for another, what it desperately needed was technical and professional guidance.
与Ebtehaj的相遇导致Lillianthal和Clap受邀访问伊朗，成为国王的客人，并了解他们认为可以在库泽斯坦做些什么。Lillianthal与矿产化学公司的雇佣合同于那年12月结束。尽管他继续担任董事，但他现在几乎可以全心投入到DNR中。1956年2月，他和Clap去了伊朗。在此之前，我惭愧地说我从未听说过库泽斯坦。Lillianthal告诉我，从那时起我学到了很多关于它的东西。它是《旧约》中的核心地区，曾是伊兰姆王国，后来是波斯帝国的中心。波斯波利斯的遗址离那里不远，而大流士国王冬宫的遗址就在库泽斯坦的中心。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The encounter with Ebtehaj led to an invitation to Lillianthal and Clap to visit Iran as the guests of the Shah, and see what they thought could be done about Kuzestan. Lillianthal's employment contract with minerals and chemicals ended that December. Although he stayed on as a Director, he was now free to devote all his time, or nearly all of it, to DNR. In February 1956, he and Clap went to Iran. Before then, I blushed to say I had never heard of Kuzestan. Lillianthal told me. I've learned a lot about it since then. It was the heart of the Old Testament, Elomite Kingdom, and later of the Persian Empire. The ruins of Persepolis are not far away, and those of Sousa, where King Darius had his winter palace, are in the very center of Kuzestan.
在古代，这个地区曾有一个广泛的水利系统。你现在仍然可以找到可能是达里乌斯在2500年前修建的运河遗迹。但是在波斯帝国衰落后，这个水利系统因入侵和忽视而被毁坏。库尔松勋爵描述了大约一个世纪前库泽斯坦高地的样子，那是一片沙漠，目光可以不受阻碍地漫游数英里。我们到达那里时，它看起来仍然如此。如今，库泽斯坦是世界上最富有的油田之一，著名的阿巴丹炼油厂就位于其南端。然而，当地的两百五十万人并没有因此受益。河流未被利用，肥沃的土地一直闲置，绝大多数人仍然生活在极度贫困中。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In ancient times, the whole region had an extensive water conservation system. You can still find the remains of canals that were probably built by Darius, 2500 years ago. But after the decline of the Persian Empire, the water system was ruined by invasion and neglect. Lord Kurzon described what the Kuzestan uplands looked like a century ago, a desert over which the eye may roam unrested for miles. It was that way when we got there. Nowadays, Kuzestan is one of the world's richest oil fields. The famous Abaddon Refinery is at its southern tip. But the inhabitants, two and a half million of them, haven't benefited from that. The rivers have flowed unused. The fabulously rich soil has lain phallow, and all but a tiny fraction of the people have continued to live in desperate poverty.
当克莱普第一次看到那个地方时，我们感到震惊。然而，对于我们这两个经验丰富的田纳西流域管理局的老手来说，那简直是一个梦想。这个地方显然亟待开发。我们寻找大坝的选址，研究哪里适合寻找矿产，进行土壤肥力研究等等。我们看到油田中天然气的火焰在升腾。这种浪费让我们想到可以建造石化工厂，用这些气体来制造化肥和塑料。八天内，我们粗略制定了一个计划，大约两周后，DNR与伊朗政府签订了一份为期五年的合同。这仅仅是个开始。我们的总工程师比尔·维尔杜因飞到那里，在距离苏萨遗址仅几英里的地方发现了一个极佳的大坝选址，那是德斯河床上一条狭窄的峡谷，峡谷两侧的峭壁几乎是垂直向上的。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
When Clap first saw the place, we were appalled. Still, for two old TVA hands like us, it was a dream. It was simply crying out for development. We looked for sites for dams, likely spots to hunt for minerals and make soil fertility studies and so on. We saw flares of natural gas rising from oil fields. That was waste, and it suggested petrochemical plants to use the gas for making fertilizer and plastics. In eight days, we'd roughed out a plan, and in about two weeks, DNR had signed a five-year contract with the Iranian government. That was only the beginning. Bill Verduin, our chief engineer, flew out there and spotted a wonderful dam site at a place just a few miles from the ruins of Sousa, a narrow canyon with walls that rise almost vertically from the bed of the Des River.
我们发现，我们不仅要为这个项目提供建议，还需要负责项目的管理，因此我们的下一个任务是组建管理团队。为了让你了解项目的规模，目前大约有700名专业人员在参与其中，包括100名美国人、300名伊朗人和300名其他人员，这些人员大多是欧洲人，他们直接为承包公司工作。此外，还有大约4700名伊朗工人，总共超过5000人。整个计划包括在五条不同的河流上建造14座大坝，预计需要多年才能完成。DNR公司刚刚完成了一个为期五年的合同，并且签署了一份为期一年半的新合同，并可以选择再续约五年。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
We found we were going to have to manage the project as well as advise on it, and so our next job was lining up our managerial group. To give you some idea of the size of the project, right now there are about 700 people working on it at the professional level, 100 Americans, 300 Iranians, and 300 others, mostly Europeans, who work directly for firms under subcontracts. Besides that, there are about 4,700 Iranian laborers, over 5,000 people all told. The entire plan includes 14 dams on five different rivers and will take many years to finish. DNR has just completed its first contract for five years and signed a new one for a year and a half with option to renew for another five years.
已经取得了相当多的进展。这个项目的高度将达到620英尺，比埃及的阿斯旺高出一半以上，最终将灌溉36万英亩土地，并产生52万千瓦的电力。预计将在1963年初完工。同时，一个甘蔗种植园——这是库泽斯坦地区25个世纪以来的第一个——已经开始种植，并通过抽水进行灌溉。今年夏天预计会迎来第一批收成，并且到时一个糖厂也会投入使用。另外，未来该地区将通过大坝自行供电，但在此期间，从阿巴丹到阿瓦士（一个之前没有电力来源的12万人口城市）之间首次架设了高压输电线路，总长72英里。此前，阿瓦士仅有的几台小型柴油发电机几乎很少运转。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Quite a bit has been accomplished already. It's to be 620 feet high or more than half again as high as the Oswan in Egypt, and it will eventually irrigate 360,000 acres and generate 520,000 kilowatts of electricity. It should be finished early in 1963. Meanwhile, a sugar plantation, the first in Kuzestan in 25 centuries, has been started with irrigation by pumped water. It should yield its first crop this summer, and a sugar refinery will be ready by the time the sugar is. Another thing, eventually the region will supply its own electric power from the dams. But for the interim period, a high tension line, the first anywhere in Iran has been put in over the 72 miles from Abadon to Awaz, a city of 120,000 that previously had no power source, except half a dozen little diesels which seldom worked.
在伊朗项目进行的同时，DNR也在忙于为意大利、哥伦比亚、加纳、象牙海岸和波多黎各安排和执行其项目，同时还为智利和菲律宾的私营企业集团提供项目服务。DNR刚刚为美国陆军工程兵团接下的一项工作让利连塔尔异常兴奋。该工作是调查阿拉斯加育空河段拟建大坝的电力经济影响，他将此河段描述为北美大陆上剩余的具有最高水电潜力的河流。与此同时，沙皇弗雷雷保留了对该公司的财务兴趣，并非常高兴地收取了可观的年度利润份额，而利连塔尔则乐此不疲地取笑迈耶过去对DNR财务前景的怀疑。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
While the Iranian project was proceeding, DNR was also busy lining up and carrying out its programs for Italy, Colombia, Ghana, the Ivory Coast, and Puerto Rico, as well as programs for private business groups in Chile and the Philippines. A job that DNR had just taken on for the United States Army Corps of Engineers excited Lilliental enormously. An investigation of the economic impact of power from a proposed dam on the Alaskan sector of the Yukon, which he described as the river with the greatest hydroelectric potential remaining on this continent. Meanwhile, the Tsar Freire retained its financial interest in the firm and now very happily collected its share of a substantial annual profit, and Lilliental happily took to teasing Meyer about his former skepticism as to DNR financial prospects.
李林塔的新职业使他和李林塔太太过上了高度流动的生活。他向我展示了他1960年的国外旅行日志，并表示这是一个相当典型的年份，日志内容如下。1月23日至3月26日，去了檀香山、东京、马尼拉、伊利甘、棉兰老岛、马尼拉、曼谷、暹粒、曼谷、德黑兰、阿瓦士、安迪马沙克、阿瓦士、德黑兰、日内瓦、布鲁塞尔、马德里，然后回家。10月11日至17日，去了布宜诺斯艾利斯、哈德戈尼亚，然后回家。11月18日至12月5日，去了伦敦、德黑兰、罗马、米兰、巴黎，然后回家。之后，他找来了与这些旅行有关的日记卷。翻到去年春天他在伊朗逗留期间的页面，我特别被其中几段摘录打动。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Lilliental's new career had meant a highly peripatetic life, both for him and for Mrs. Lilliental. He showed me his foreign travel log for 1960, which he said was a fairly typical year, then it read as follows. January 23 to March 26, Honolulu, Tokyo, Manila, Iliygan, Mindanao, Manila, Bangkok, Cemriap, Bangkok, Tehran, Awaz, Andimashak, Awaz, Tehran, Geneva, Brussels, Madrid, home. October 11 to the 17th, Buenos Aires, Hadegonia, home. November 18 to December 5, London, Tehran, Rome, Milan, Paris, home. Then he went and got the volume of his journal that relates to those trips. Turning to the pages on his stay in Iran early last spring, I was particularly struck by a few excerpts.
Awaz，三月五日，当国王的大黑色克莱斯勒驶过她们身边时，阿拉伯妇女们的呼喊声让我想起了反叛者的呐喊。沿着从机场到路边的一整排人让我意识到，那是我们小时候常做的印度式喊叫，用手在嘴上移动发出那种波动的声音。
Awaz，三月十一日。周三在村民的小屋里的经历把我带入了一个深深的低谷。我在绝望和愤怒之间徘徊，前者是一种我认为是罪过的情绪，而后者，我觉得也没有多大好处。
Undimishek，三月九日。我们走了很远的路，穿过尘土飞扬和泥泞的坑洞，车子陷得很深，还有我见过最崎岖不平的道路。我们还穿越时光回到了九世纪及更早时期，参观村庄，进入泥土房屋，实在令人难以置信，并且永远难忘。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Awaz, March 5, The cry of the Arab women as the Shah's big black Chrysler passed them. A solid row along the road from the airport made me think of the rebel yell. Then I recognized it. It was the Indian yelp, the kind we used to make as kids, moving our hand over our mouths to give that undulating whale. Awaz, March 11. Our experience in the villagers' huts on Wednesday threw me into a deep pit. I hovered between despair, which is in emotion I consider a sin and anger, which doesn't do much good, I suppose. Undimishek, March 9. We have traveled many miles, through dust, mud holes, where we got stuck fast, and some of the roughest roads I have ever known. And we also traveled back to the ninth century and earlier, visiting villages and going into mud homes, quite unbelievable, and unforgettable forever and ever.
如同《圣经》中的誓言一样，如果我忘记了我们今天下午去探访的那些非常有魅力的人们是如何生活的，就让我的右手枯萎。然而，当我在写这些笔记时，我确信，尽管Gebli地区只有45,000英亩，被辽阔的Kuzestan所包围，但将来它会像Tupelo社区、New Harmony、或者最初由几位志士在大洛矶山脉地区建立的Salt Lake City一样声名远扬。下午，在Battle Road上，影子渐渐拉长，我也该启程离开了。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
As the biblical oath has it, let my right hand wither, if I ever forget how some of the most attractive of my fellow human beings live, are living tonight, only a few kilometers from here where we visited them this afternoon. And yet, I am sure as I am writing these notes that the Gebli area of only 45,000 acres, swallowed in the vastness of the Kuzestan, would become as well known as, say, the community of Tupelo, became, or, new harmony, or salt-like city, when it was founded by a handful of dedicated men in the past of the Great Rockies. The afternoon shadows were getting long on Battle Road, and it was time for me to be going.
"利连塔尔和我一起走到车旁，在路上我问他是否怀念那种风风雨雨，以及作为华盛顿最具争议人物之一的风光。他笑着说，当然。当我们到车旁时，他继续说，我从没有打算在华盛顿或田纳西河流域特别好斗。只不过总是有人和我意见不合。但好吧，如果我不想置身于争议之中，我就不会让自己总处于那种局面。我想我确实是好斗的。小时候我对拳击很感兴趣。高中时，在印第安纳州密歇根城，我经常和我的一个表兄弟打拳击。在印第安纳州中部的德保罗大学上学时，我在暑假和一个曾是职业轻重量级拳手的人一起练拳击。他被称作塔科马虎。"
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Lillienthal walked out to my car with me, and on the way I asked him whether he ever missed the rough and tumble, and the limelight of being perhaps the most controversial man in Washington. He grinned and said, Sure, when we reached the car he went on, I never intended to be especially combative in Washington or in the Tennessee Valley. It was just that people kept disagreeing with me. But alright, I wouldn't have put myself in controversial situations so much if I hadn't wanted to. I guess I was combative. When I was a kid, I was interested in boxing. At high school, in Michigan City, Indiana, I boxed a lot with a cousin of mine, and while I was in college, at DePaul, in Central Indiana, I took to boxing during the summers with a man who had been a professional light heavyweight. The Tacoma Tiger he'd been called.
和他一起训练是一种挑战。如果我犯了错误，我就得倒在地上。我曾经想过至少有一次能好好揍他一顿。这是我的一个愿望。当然，我从未成功过，但我成为了一名相当不错的拳击手。在本科期间，我成了德保罗大学的拳击教练。后来在哈佛法学院时，我没有时间继续练习，也再没有认真打过拳击。但是，我并不认为拳击对于我来说仅仅是一种好斗的表现。我认为，掌握防卫的技巧是一种保持个人独立的手段。我从我的父亲那里学到了这一点。他常说，要做自己的主人。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Working out with him was a challenge. If I made a mistake, I'd be on the floor. I wanted just once to land on him good. It was my ambition. I never did, of course, but I got to be a fairly good boxer. I became boxing coach at DePaul while I was an undergraduate. Later on, at Harvard Law, I didn't have time to keep it up, and I never boxed seriously again. But I don't think that for me boxing was an expression of combativeness for its own sake. I think I considered competence at defending yourself a means of preserving your personal independence. I learned that for my father. Be your own man, he used to say.
他来自奥匈帝国，就是现在捷克斯洛伐克东部的地方。他在1880年代大约二十岁时来到美国，成年后在中西部的不同小镇担任店主：伊利诺伊州的莫顿镇（我出生的地方）、印第安纳州的瓦尔帕莱索、密苏里州的斯普林菲尔德、密歇根城，后来是印第安纳州的温内马克。他的眼睛是非常浅的蓝色，透出了他的内心。从他的外表，你能感觉到他绝不会为了安全而放弃独立。他不懂如何掩饰，就算懂也不愿意掩饰。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
He'd come from Austria-Hungary, the part that's now Eastern Czechoslovakia in the 1880s, when he was about twenty, and he spent his adult life as a storekeeper in various Middle Western towns: Morton, Illinois, where I was born, Valparaiso, Indiana, Springfield, Missouri, Michigan City, and later Winnemack, Indiana. He had very pale blue eyes that reflected the insides of him. You could tell by looking at him that he wouldn't trade independence for security. He didn't know how to dissemble, and wouldn't have wanted to if he had known how.
好吧，回到我在华盛顿被认为是有争议或好斗的问题上，是的，当你再也看不到一个如McKellar那样直接了当地表达立场的人时，总觉得少了些什么。对我来说，现在的道德等价物是接受新的挑战，接触不同类型的“McKellars”或“塔科马老虎”。比如矿物和化学品的事、自然资源部（DNR）的事，并试图去解决它们。我在1968年初夏重访了Lillienthal。这次是在DNR的第三个总部，一间可以俯瞰港口美景的办公室，位于White Hall街的1号。期间DNR和他都取得了进展，而库泽斯坦大坝也按计划完成了。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Well, to get back to my being controversial or combative, or whatever you call it, in Washington, yes, there's something missing when you don't have a McKellar laying it on the line anymore. The moral equivalent of that for me now is taking on challenges, different kinds of McKellers or Tacoma Tigers, maybe. The minerals and chemicals thing, the DNR thing, and trying to meet them. I revisited Lillienthal in early summer 1968. This time at DNR's third home office, a suite with a splendid harbor view at one White Hall Street. Both DNR and he had moved along in the interim, and Kuzestan, the desdem, had been completed on schedule.
水库蓄水始于1962年11月，首次发电是在1963年5月，现在该地区不仅能够自给自足，还能够产生足够的多余电力来吸引外国工业。同时，曾经贫瘠的地区由于大坝带来的灌溉而农业繁荣。丽莲索尔，现在68岁，依然斗志昂扬地表示，那些悲观的经济学家只能去关注其他欠发达国家的忧虑了。DNR刚刚与伊朗签署了一份新的五年合同，以继续开展这项工作。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Water impounding had begun in November 1962. The first power had been delivered in May 1963, and the region was now not only supplying its own power, but producing enough surplus to attract foreign industry. Meanwhile, agriculture in the once barren region was flourishing as a result of irrigation, made possible by the dam, and, as Lillienthal, 68 now, and as combative as ever, put it, the gloomy economists have to be gloomy about some other underdeveloped country. DNR had just signed a new five-year contract with Iran to carry on the work.
否则，这家公司已经将其客户群扩展到包括14个国家。其最具争议的项目是在越南，作为与美国政府签订的合同的一部分，它与南越的一个类似团体合作，制定湄公河流域战后发展的计划。这项任务引来了对利连塔尔的批评，因为有人认为这意味着他支持这场战争。事实上，他告诉我，他认为这场战争是多次严重误判的灾难性结果，而战后资源发展的规划是另一个独立的问题。不过，很明显，这些批评还是伤害了他。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Otherwise, the firm had expanded its clientele to include 14 countries. Its most controversial undertaking was in Vietnam, where, under contract with the United States government, it was cooperating with a similar group of South Vietnamese and working at plans for the post-war development of the Mekong Valley. This assignment had led to criticism of Lillienthal by those who took it to imply that he supported the war. In fact, he told me, he regarded the war as the disastrous outcome of a series of horrible miscalculations and the planning of post-war resources development as a separate matter. It was clear enough, nevertheless, that the criticism hurt.
与此同时，DNR 正在拓宽其视野，开始意外地涉足国内城市发展领域。位于纽约皇后区和密歇根州奥克兰县的私人基金会资助的团体聘请 DNR，目的是看看 TVA 的方法是否能有效解决这些现代沙漠——即贫民窟的问题。他们对 DNR 表示，不妨假设这是赞比亚，告诉我们你们会怎么做。这些团体实际上是在说，DNR，这确实是一个极赋想象力的想法，其实际效用还有待验证。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
At the same time, DNR was widening its horizons by beginning to move unexpectedly into domestic urban development, having been engaged by private foundation-sponsored groups in Queens County, New York, and Oakland County, Michigan, to see whether the TVA approach might have some value in dealing with those modern deserts, the slums. Just pretend this is Zambia, and tell us what you would do. These groups had said, in effect, DNR, a wildly imaginative idea, surely, the usefulness of which remained to be proved.
至于DNR本身及其在美国商业中的地位，Lillienthal提到，自从见过他以来，DNR已经扩展到在西海岸开设了第二个常设办公室，利润大幅增加，并基本上成为员工持股公司，Lazar仅保留了象征性的一点股份。最令人振奋的是，在传统商界因对利润的过分追求而使高尚情操的年轻人望而却步、面临严重招聘困难的时候，DNR发现其理想主义的目标使其成为最有前途的新毕业生的吸引力之源。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
As for DNR itself and its place in American business, Lillienthal recounted that since inside seen him, it had expanded to the extent of opening a second permanent office on the west coast, had considerably increased its profits, and become essentially employee owned, with Lazar retaining only a token interest. Most encouraging of all, at a time when old-line business was having serious recruitment problems because its obsession with profit was repelling high-minded youth, DNR found that its idealistic objectives made it a magnet for the most promising new graduates.
由于所有这些事情的结果，利连塔尔终于能够说出他在早期无法说出的话，私人企业现在给他的满足感超过了他从公共服务中获得的任何满足感。那么，DNR 是否成为未来自由企业的一个原型，既要对其股东负责，又要对全人类负责？如果是这样，那真是充满讽刺。因为利连塔尔最终竟然成了一个典型的商人。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
And as a result of all these things, Lillienthal could at last say what he had not been able to say on the earlier occasion, that private enterprise was now affording him more satisfaction than he had ever derived from public service. Is DNR then a prototype of the free enterprise of the future, accountable half to its stockholders and half to the rest of humanity? If so, then the irony is complete. In Lillienthal, of all people, ends up as the prototypical businessman.